A Study on the Essential in Curriculum Construction Presented by the Founder of Social Studies

本研究旨在阐明美国社会学奠基人之一哈罗德·O·鲁格(Harold O.Rugg，1886-1960)的课程建设基本思想。他的教育思想受到进步主义等现代课程运动的影响。他通过废除传统的以学科为基础的课程编制方式，将当代社会社会问题中的关键话题引入课程。他认为社会价值是课程材料选择的标准，根据鲁格的思想，课程材料可以包括以下几个方面：(1)经济、政治和社会生活中发生的事情的关系。(2)生活方式。(3)当代社会的主要问题。因此，他编写了两种教材系列：一种是《社会科学小册子》，另一种是《人与他的变化的社会》。本研究旨在通过对这些教材的分析，找出课程建设的基本思路。研究结果如下：引出与经济、政治生活、人口、移民、城市化、国际关系、文化生活相关的几个概念，树立对社会和自然环境的态度以及对自我和他人的信任，指出人们的需要，同时对生活中的落后条件感到恐惧，在课程建设中引入知识整合的思想和在学习中解决问题的方法。

The aim of the study is to clarify the fundamental thought in curriculum construction presented by Harold O. Rugg(1886-1960), one of the founders of social studies in U.S. His educational thought was influenced by the trend of modern curriculum movement such as progressivism. He introduced the crucial topics among the social problems in contemporary society into curriculum by abolishing the traditional way of curriculum-making based upon disciplines. He identified social values as the criteria for the selection of curriculum materials.Upon the idea of Rugg, the curriculum materials might include several aspects such as (1) the relationship of happenings in economical, political and social life. (2) the way of life (3) main problems in the contemporary society. As the result, he produced two kind of textbook series:one is "Social Science Pamphlets", the other is "Man and His Changing Society."This study is to analyze these textbook series to find out the fundamental thought of curriculum construction. The research findings are as follows: to derive several concepts relating to economical, political life, population, immigration, urbanization, international relation, cultural life, to set up attitude toward social and natural environment and trust in self and the other person, to point out the needs of people, at the same time, fear of backward conditionns in life, to introduce the idea of integration of knowledge in curriculum construction and the problem solving method in learning.