Self-control in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Choice bctween larger-vs.more immediate-smaller rewards.

在本研究计画中，我们尝试发展一种应用马祖尔的调整延迟程序来筛检ADHD儿童的方法。在一系列的实验中，我们比较了正常大学生和ADHD儿童的数据。此外，我们还发现强化时间表的厌恶性特征能够增强被试的非任务行为和攻击行为。为了评估强化计划的厌恶特性，我们进行了以下实验。以7名男大学生和1名女大学生为被试，探讨了正负强化对大学生同时回避行为影响的差异。参与者按下一个按钮，以获得货币点的时间表混合VI EXT中的积极强化。在负强化中，他们可以推迟货币点的周期性减少0相同的时间表。同时，他们可以逃脱或避免一个巨大的噪音，用锤子敲击木板上Sidrnan避免时间表。测量回避和逃避反应的频率和幅度。在负强化中，8名参与者中有3名表现出比正强化更多的回避和逃避反应。2名参与者对负强化的反应比对正强化的反应更强烈。在回避反应的频率和幅度上，负强化和正强化之间没有差异。在负强化时间表下回避和逃避反应的增加表明负强化的情绪副作用。

In this research project, we tried to develop a screening method to find ADHD children applying Mazur's adjustment-delay procedure. In a series of experiments, we compared the data from normal university students and that of ADHD children. In addition, we found that the aversive properties of reinforcement schedule are able to enhance the off-task behavior and aggressive behavior in the experiments. To evaluate the aversive properties of reinforcement schedules, we conducted following experiment. The difference of the effect of positive and negative reinforcement on concurrent avoidance behavior was explored in 7 male and I female undergraduates. Participants pushed a button to get monetary points on a schedule of mixed VI EXT in the positive reinforcement. In the negative reinforcement, they could postpone periodic reduction0 of monetary points on the same schedule. Concurrently, they could escape or avoid a loud noise by striking the wooden plate with a hammer on Sidrnan avoidance schedule. The frequency and the magnitude of avoidance and escape response were measured. In the negative reinforcement, 3 of 8 participants showed a larger number of avoidance and escape responses than in the positive reinforcement. 2 participants showed stronger responses in the negative reinforcement than in the positive one. There was no difference between negative and positive reinforcement on measure of frequency and magnitude of avoidance responses. The increase of avoidance and escape responses under the negative reinforcement schedule indicates the emotional side effect of negative reinforcement.