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Historical Study of the Commerce in Java in the 19th and the 20th Century

19世纪和20世纪爪哇商业历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610371
负责人：
UEMURA Yasuo
金额：
$ 2.43万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In late colonial Java, the Dutch Colonial Government had almost no systematic commercial policy. The commercial goods flew basically between the neighboring regions, but some goods like rice and paddy, tobacco, livestock and batiks were transported to much distant regions, and the north coastal regions had frequent commercial relations even with the Outer Islands. In case of rice, the main producing regions exported not only to the regions of low productivity but also to the estate regions with its high productivity. The construction of the railway-network since the latter half of the 19th century developed its distant flow and also the rice milling industries, resulting in the stronger control of the rice commerce by the Chinese merchant, which didn't, however, lead to the diminishment of the native rice commerce. In the north coastal region the Semarang-Cheribon Steamtram became the engine of the increasing flow and magnified its transportation share competing with the purahu, notwithstanding the fact that the latter continued to transport the most of sugar for native market, soap, cement, fertilizer, peanut, steel and lump sugar. Thus the activity of the native transportation decreased especially in the long distance parallel with the tram-line, but at the same time new development was observed. The native transportation in land began conveyance to and from the stations and the purahu opened new trading routes to the regions without the tram connection. The increase in the flow also influenced the people's industry. The cultivation of castor oil plant, one of the materials for lamp oil, decreased much by the flow of petroleum, and the European cotton goods hit the cultivation of cotton and the weaving industry. On the contrary, the widened opportunity for sale which the tram created developed much the batik industry and the manufacturing of abdominal belt in Pekalongan.

在爪哇殖民地末期，荷兰殖民地政府几乎没有系统的商业政策。商业货物基本上是在邻近地区之间飞行，但也有一些货物，如稻米、烟草、牲畜和蜡染等运输到遥远的地区，北部沿海地区甚至与外岛都有频繁的商业关系。就大米而言，主产区不仅向生产率低的地区出口，还向生产率高的产业区出口。19世纪下半叶以来铁路网的修建，发展了远洋物流和碾米工业，加强了中国商人对大米商业的控制，但并没有导致本土大米商业的衰落。在北部沿海地区，Semarang-Cheribon Steamtram成为不断增加的流量的引擎，并扩大了其运输份额，与Purahu竞争，尽管后者继续为当地市场运输大部分糖、肥皂、水泥、化肥、花生、钢铁和块糖。因此，与有轨电车线路平行的长距离交通运输活动有所减少，但同时也出现了新的发展。当地的陆上交通工具开始往返车站，帕拉胡开辟了通往没有有轨电车连接的地区的新贸易路线。流量的增加也影响了人民的产业。由于石油的流入，作为灯油原料之一的蓖麻油的种植大大减少，欧洲的棉织品打击了棉花种植和纺织业。相反，有轨电车创造了更多的销售机会，极大地发展了蜡染行业和佩卡龙安的腹部腰带制造。