Historical Study of the Region and the Interaction between Regions in Asia

本研究从中国近代以前的军事和商业联系、近代中国的政治和经济关系、近代东南亚的商业、临时和永久移民、政治和社会交流等方面分析了“地区间互动”的各个方面。本研究指出航运、港口、电报网络作为互动通道的重要作用，并证明民族主义运动、社会运动和政治运动加速了“地区间的互动”。此外，还对东北近代史研究的重要资料之一《满洲每日新闻》的社论进行了索引，这对进一步研究东北近代史具有重要意义。“区域间的相互作用”是东北近代史的重要特征之一。例如，正如上村所指出的，马都拉是一个农业落后的地区，在本世纪初无法养活其相当大的人口，只能通过向东爪哇出口人力和商品（如牛和鱼），并从那里进口粮食来发展其地区经济。与此同时，马都拉对东爪哇来说是不可或缺的，因为前者为欧洲国家或后者的人民农业提供了短缺的劳动力。这意味着传统的仅从农业来判断马多埃拉是落后地区的观点是片面的。在“区际互动”与更大地理单元的关系方面，本文分析了世界市场对区域经济的各种影响，以及政治运动中中心与区域的联系。

In this study various aspects of the "interaction between regions" were analyzed, including the military and commercial connections in pre-modern China, political and economic relations in modern China, and the commerce, temporal and permanent migration, political and social exchanges in modern Southeast Asia. This study pointed out the important role of shipping, ports and telegram network as the channel of interaction, and proved that the "interaction between regions" was accelerated by the nationalist movement, social and political movements. Further, the index of editorials of the "Mansyu Nichinich Shinbun (Manchuria Daily News)", one of the important source for the study of Modern Northeast China history, was made, which will contribute much to the further study.The "interaction between regions" is one of the most important elements which give the region its characteristics. For example, as Uemura pointed out, Madura, agriculturally backward region and could not support its fairly large population by itself at the beginning of this century, could make its regional economy only through exporting manpower and commodities such as cattle and fish to East Java and importing provisions from there. At the same time Madoera was indispensable to East Java because the former supplied the shortage for labor force to the European etates or people' s agriculture in the latter. And this means that the traditional view of looking Madoera as a backward region judging only from its agriculture is one-sided. Thus introducing the view-point of 'interaction between regions" is supposed to lead to the different perspective of the region itself.As for the relations between the "interaction between regions" and the larger geographical unit this study analyzed various influences of the world market to the regional economy and the connections between the center and region in the political movements.