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Archaeological Study on the Tax Collection of the Rice in Ancient Japan

日本古代稻米征税的考古研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610424
负责人：
YAMANAKA Toshiji
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
Independent Administrative Institution National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara (2001-2002)Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There were Kokuto (the rice grain which was not husked) and Eito (the rice ear) in the form of the stored rice in ancient Japan. Both were often stored in Kura (a high floor warehouse). But as for the latter, it was sometimes stored in Oku (a low floor or earth floor warehouse). Shoso (official granaries) were composed by Kokuso (Kura which Kokuto were stored in) and Eiso (Kura which Eito were stored in).The average of floorage of Kura in the remains of Shoso is as much as 50 m^2. And generally the plane scale and the height of a Kokuso are larger than Eiso. The possibility is high that Kura of the length of the beam line of 9m and more (beyond floorage 50 m^2) was built as Kokuso, and the small-scale Kura under 5m (under 20 m^2) was built as Eiso.Kura inside the village and the influential person's residence is concentrated on less than 25 m^2. So it can be thought that these small-scale Kura is generally Eiso, if they were rice granaries. This means the next things that the farmer harvested fundamentally rice in the form of Eito, and the threshing Eito should be extra work for the farmer. Then, for the local class of an influential person, it was unnecessary to store up rice in the shape of Kokuto in a long time, and then it is shown that is was collected and kept in the shape of Eito, because Eito was suitable for the management of the usury.And the class of influential persons had rice granaries inside their agriculture management facilities. Then, these rice granaries are presumed to play an important part for the farm management and the private usury management.

在古代日本，以储藏大米的形式存在着Kokuto（未脱壳的米粒）和Eito（稻穗）。这两种产品通常存放在库拉（一个高层仓库）。但至于后者，它有时被储存在Oku（一个低地板或地面仓库）。仓仓（官方粮仓）由仓（仓，仓存放国人）和仓仓（仓，仓存放英人）组成。仓在仓遗迹中的平均占地面积高达50平方米。一般来说，国搜的平面比例和高度都比Eiso大。梁线长度为9m以上（建筑面积50 m^2以上）的Kura被建成为Kokuso，5m以下（建筑面积20 m^2以下）的小型Kura被建成为Eiso的可能性很大。Kura集中在村庄内，有影响力的人的住所集中在不到25 m^2。因此可以认为，如果这些小型库拉是粮仓的话，那么它们一般就是Eiso。这意味着接下来的事情，农民基本上收获了Eito形式的水稻，而Eito应该是农民的额外工作。然后，对于地方权贵阶层来说，没有必要长期以国户的形式储存大米，然后表明，由于Eito适合于高利贷的管理，因此以Eito的形式收集和保存大米。而且，权贵阶层在其农业管理设施中拥有大米粮仓。这些米仓在农业经营和民间高利贷经营中发挥了重要作用。