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Archaeological Study on the Tax Collection of the Rice in Ancient Japan

日本古代稻米征税的考古研究

基本信息

批准号：
12610424
负责人：
YAMANAKA Toshiji
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
Independent Administrative Institution National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara (2001-2002)Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties (2000)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

There were Kokuto (the rice grain which was not husked) and Eito (the rice ear) in the form of the stored rice in ancient Japan. Both were often stored in Kura (a high floor warehouse). But as for the latter, it was sometimes stored in Oku (a low floor or earth floor warehouse). Shoso (official granaries) were composed by Kokuso (Kura which Kokuto were stored in) and Eiso (Kura which Eito were stored in).The average of floorage of Kura in the remains of Shoso is as much as 50 m^2. And generally the plane scale and the height of a Kokuso are larger than Eiso. The possibility is high that Kura of the length of the beam line of 9m and more (beyond floorage 50 m^2) was built as Kokuso, and the small-scale Kura under 5m (under 20 m^2) was built as Eiso.Kura inside the village and the influential person's residence is concentrated on less than 25 m^2. So it can be thought that these small-scale Kura is generally Eiso, if they were rice granaries. This means the next things that the farmer harvested fundamentally rice in the form of Eito, and the threshing Eito should be extra work for the farmer. Then, for the local class of an influential person, it was unnecessary to store up rice in the shape of Kokuto in a long time, and then it is shown that is was collected and kept in the shape of Eito, because Eito was suitable for the management of the usury.And the class of influential persons had rice granaries inside their agriculture management facilities. Then, these rice granaries are presumed to play an important part for the farm management and the private usury management.

在古代日本，储存大米的形式有“Kokuto”（未去壳的米粒）和“Eito”（稻穗）。两者通常都存放在 Kura（高层仓库）。但后者有时会存放在奥库（低层或土楼仓库）中。正仓（官方粮仓）由国仓（存放黑斗的仓）和荣仓（存放永斗的仓）组成。正仓遗址中仓的平均建筑面积达50 m^2。一般而言，Kokuso 的平面比例和高度都比 Eiso 大。梁线长度9m以上（建筑面积50m^2以上）的藏被建造为“国庄”，5m以下（20m^2以下）的小型藏被建造为“荣庄”的可能性较高。村内的藏和权贵住宅集中在25m^2以下。因此可以认为，如果这些小规模的库拉是稻谷的话，那么它们通常就是Eiso。这意味着农民接下来主要以 Eito 的形式收割稻米，而脱粒 Eito 对农民来说应该是额外的工作。那么，对于当地的权贵阶层来说，没有必要以“黑东”的形式长期储存大米，进而表明，以“荣土”的形式收集和保存米，因为“荣土”适合高利贷的管理。而且权贵阶层在他们的农业管理设施内拥有米仓。那么，这些米仓被认为在农场管理和私人高利贷管理中发挥着重要作用。