Syntactic and Semantic Structures of German Particle-Verbs in View of Argument Structure Alternations

从论元结构的变化来看，本文从各种语言资源中收集并分析了德语中由介词派生的助词动词。这些动词包括“ab-，an-，auf-，aus-，durch-，ein-，mit-，uber-，unter-，um-，vor-，zu-”作为小品词。对这些助词-动词结构的分析主要是为了解释：（1）从认知语言学的角度分析了补语指示现象;（2）揭示了德语补语指示结构与日语V_1-V_2补语指示结构的相似性;（3）抓住这类构式的本质特征，作为各种论元结构变化及其事件结构的一部分。至于（1），Okamoto（2001）通过假设小品词动词结构中的三种趋向PP来处理多义现象：一种是多义PP的可能延伸，另两种是说话人的起源点的实例，它们是模糊的。 关于我们 又分为两类，即隐式和显式定向点。这一分析提供了统一处理粒子约束方向的方法，从而明确了此类构式的认知意义。本文主要从（1）指向特异性和（2）体标记的作用两个方面对德语助词-动词结构和日语V_1-V_2复合词进行了跨语言比较。2001年在筑波大学举办的日耳曼语言国际研讨会上。（3）的观点没有深入探讨，因为围绕事件结构的理论正在积极辩论，并且仍在变化（Okamoto（2002）回顾了这场辩论的一部分）。相反，语言数据的替代方法正在出现，例如基于使用的模型。2001年在信州大学举行的日本德语学会会议上，我在演讲中讨论了基于使用的模型的适用性。少

In view of the argument structure alternations, german particle-verbs which are derived from its corresponding prepositions are collected from a variety of linguistic resources and analysed. Such verbs includes "ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, durch-, ein-, mit-, uber-, unter-, um-, vor-, zu-" as particles. The analysis of these particle-verb constructions is mainly done to explain: (1) the phenomena of plenastic directives based on a view of cognitive linguistics, (2) to manifest the parallel between such German constructions and their seemlingly corresponding V_1-V_2 constructions in Japanese,(3) to capture essential features of such constructions as part of various types of argument structure alternations and their event structures.As for (1), Okamoto (2001) deals with pleonasm by postulating three kinds of directional PP in the particle verb constructions; one with the possible extension of pleonastic PPs, the other two with instances of the origentational point of the speakers, which are fu … More rther divided into two classes, i.e. implicit and explicit orientational points. This analysis provides with the way of treating particle-bound directions uniformly, so that cognitive significance of such constructions is made explicit. Cross-linguistic comparison between German particle-verb constructions and Japanese V_1-V_2 compounds are mainly analysed from the viewpoint of (1) directive specificity and (2) roles of aspectual markers, which were the two main topic of my talk ("Where similarity resides: German Particle-Verb Constructions and Japanese Verb-Verb Compounds.") at International Workshop on Germanic Languages at University of Tsukuba in 2001. The perspective of (3) is not deeply pursued, since the theories around event structures are actively debated and still changing (Part of this debate is reviewed in Okamoto (2002)). Instead, the alternative approaches to linguistic data in general are emerging, such as Usage-Based Models. Applicability of Usage-Based Models were discussed in my talk at the Conference of Germanists' Society of Japan held at University of Shinshu in 2001. Less