The Influence of Maternal Input on the Early Acquisition of Japanese Vocabulary in comparison to English

与英语相比，母亲输入对日语词汇早期习得的影响

• 批准号: 12610567
• 负责人: MIYATA Susanne
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Aichi Shukutoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12610567/
• 关键词: Language Acquisition; Vocabulary Acquisition; Japanese; English; Motherese; Input

Since Gentner's (1982) claim that nouns are universally predominant in children's early vocabulary, a noun bias has been confirmed in English-speaking children, while for Mandarin and Korean a prevalence of verbs has been reported. Explanations point to such language-typological factors as pro-drop, which promotes a verb-focused input. For Italian and Japanese, both pro-drop languages, mixed results are reported. On possible explanation is that pro-drop languages allow for greater individual variation in maternal speech, which in turn results in a range of different vocabulary compositions in individual children. Our results from longitudinal speech data of 4 Japanese-speaking mother-child dyads indicate that the mothers adjusted their speech to their children, and adapted a more noun-focused style. This adjustment occurred to an individually different degree, and appeared to be connected with the children's vocabulary composition. The children whose mothers had a noun-and object-focused speech style (high noun/verb ratio in types, tokens, and isolated word presentation, high frequency of object descriptions) displayed a noun-biased vocabulary, while the children of mothers whose use of nouns and verbs was more balanced, produced a balanced or slightly verb-biased vocabulary. Our results suggest that the individual maternal input plays a more important role in a child's development of a noun bias than the general language type.

自从genner（1982）声称名词在儿童早期词汇中普遍占主导地位以来，已经证实了英语儿童的名词偏见，而在普通话和韩语中，动词普遍存在。解释指出了诸如亲降这样的语言类型因素，它促进了以动词为中心的输入。对于意大利语和日语这两种支持drop的语言，报告的结果好坏参半。一种可能的解释是，亲滴语言允许母亲的语言有更大的个体差异，这反过来又导致每个孩子有一系列不同的词汇组成。对4对日语母子的纵向语音数据分析表明，母亲对孩子的语音进行了调整，并适应了更注重名词的风格。这种调整发生在不同程度上，似乎与孩子们的词汇构成有关。母亲以名词和对象为中心的语言风格（类型、标记和孤立的单词表达中名词/动词的比例高，物体描述的频率高）的孩子表现出名词偏颇的词汇，而母亲使用名词和动词更平衡的孩子产生了平衡或轻微的动词偏颇的词汇。我们的研究结果表明，与一般语言类型相比，个体母亲输入对儿童名词偏见的发展起着更重要的作用。

项目成果

Miyata, S., Oshima-Takane, Y., Nisisawa, H.Y.: "Noun bias in early Japanese vocabulary and characteristics of maternal input"Studies in Language Sciences. 3(accepted, pending minor revisions).

Miyata, S.、Oshima-Takane, Y.、Nisisawa, H.Y.：“早期日语词汇中的名词偏差和母亲输入的特征”语言科学研究。

Oshima-Takane, Y., Miyata, S., Naka, N.: "Acquisition of grammatical categories : The role of physical objects and input"Studies in Language Sciences. 1. 97-109 (2000)

Oshima-Takane, Y.、Miyata, S.、Naka, N.：“语法类别的习得：物理对象和输入的作用”语言科学研究。

Miyata, S., Oshima-Takane, Y., Nisisawa, H.Y: "Noun bias in early Japanese vocabularies? Individual differences in frequency and presentation of nouns in caregivers' speech"Joint Conference of the IX International Congress for the Study of Child Language

Miyata, S.、Oshima-Takane, Y.、Nisisawa, H.Y：“早期日语词汇中的名词偏差？看护者言语中名词出现频率和表达方式的个体差异”第九届国际儿童语言研究大会联合会议

Oshima-Takane, Y., & Oram, J.: "Parental interactional strategy and lexical development in English-speaking children"Bulletin of Tokyo University of Social Welfare. 1. 47-61 (2002)

大岛高根，Y.，

Guerriero, S., Oshima-Takane, Y., Ono, A: "The development of argument representation : a crosslinguistic study of English and Japanese"Joint Conference of the IX International Congress for the Study of Child Language and the Symposium on Research in Chil

Guerriero, S.、Oshima-Takane, Y.、Ono, A：“论证表征的发展：英语和日语的跨语言研究”第九届国际儿童语言研究大会和儿童语言研究研讨会联合会议