Studies on the changes in taste reception that occurred associated with speciation of insects

(1)研究了几种玉米螟味觉器官对植物蜕皮激素的电生理反应。scapulalis、O. orientalis和O. zealis对20-羟基蜕皮酮（20 E）反应强烈，而O. tagacalis和O. palustralis反应温和。O. latipennis为中间型。因此，没有发现明确的关系之间的敏感性植物蜕皮激素和食性的鸵鸟属物种。(2)行为生物测定表明，玉米奥斯特里纳虫（Ostrinia zealis）、玉米奥斯特里纳虫（O. Escherichia，O. scapulalis和O.以人工饲料喂养的宽翅目幼虫。这些化学品可萃取丙酮，可以分配到己烷可溶性馏分，并进一步分馏成酸性馏分。该酸性组分主要包括棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸。没有显着差异，发现在这些游离脂肪酸的量和组成的四种鸵鸟。本文报道了一种由五种天然脂肪酸组成的混合物。zealis对所有4种玉米螟都表现出明显的产卵忌避作用。(3)采用GC和GC-MS联用技术对大蓟和蜂斗菜挥发油的化学成分进行了研究。结果表明，该挥发油的主要成分为棕榈酸（14.42%）、香叶烯氧化物（12.57%）、胡素（6.31%）、十五烷酸（6.28%）和肉豆蔻酸（4.66%）。结果表明，香蒲叶挥发油的主要成分为β-香紫苏烯（22%）和朱栾倍半萜（15%）。根油中主要成分为当归酸（18%）、艾里莫芬烯（10%）和α-水芹烯（10%）。花茎油的主要成分为朱栾倍半萜（12%）和α-水芹烯（11%）。

(1) Electrophysiological responses of the gustatory organs of several Ostrinia species to phytoecdysteroids were investigated.Ostrinia nubilalis, O. scapulalis, O. orientalis and O. zealis strongly responded to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), whereas O. furnacalis and O. palustralis responded only moderately. The response of O. latipennis was intermediate. Accordingly, no clear relationships were found between the sensitivity to phytoecdysteroids and the feeding habit of Ostrinia species.(2) Behavioral bioassays have shown that oviposition-deterring chemicals are involved in the frass of Ostrinia zealis, O. furnacalis, O. scapulalis and O. latipennis larvae fed on an artificial diet. These chemicals were extractable with acetone, could be partitioned into a hexane-soluble fraction, and further fractionated into an acidic fraction. This acidic fraction mainly included palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. No significant differences among the four Ostrinia species were found in the amount and composition of these free fatty acids. A mixture of the five authentic fatty acids at natural composition as found in the larval frass of O. zealis exhibited significant oviposition-deterring effects on every four Ostrinia species.(3) The chemical compositions of the essential oils from Cirsium japonicum and Petasites japonicus were investigated by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-seven components were identified in the C. japonicum essential oil, with palmitic acid (14.42%), caryophyllene oxide (12.57%), khusinol (6.31%), pentadecanoic acid (6.28%) and myristic acid (4.66%) as the major components. The major components of the leaf essential oil of P. japonicus were B-caryophyllene (22%) and valencene (15%). The root oil contained angelic acid (18%), eremophilene (10%) and a-phellandrene (10%) as the major components. Valencene (12%) and a-phellandrene (11%) were the main components of the flower stem oil.