CIGARETTE SMOKING AND GENDER-DIFFERENCES IN LUNG CANCER RISK: A MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY

肺癌的病因学危险因素是吸烟。男性和女性之间肺癌组织学类型的不同分布可能与吸烟模式的差异有关，但这并不能完全解释观察到的性别差异。越来越多的流行病学证据表明，在吸烟习惯相当的情况下，妇女患小细胞肺癌的风险比男子高（2-3倍）。我们对152例肺癌患者（男：女= 110：42）的CYP 1A 1（Msp Ⅰ和IIe-Val）和GST（M1和T1）基因多态性进行了研究。我们还测量了GYP 1A 1（芳烃羟化酶，AHH）在外周丝裂原处理的淋巴细胞的表型活性。年龄、香烟剂量和季节调整的AHH活性/AHH诱导活性（3-甲基胆蒽诱导的AHH活性/非诱导的AHH活性）之间没有观察到性别差异。CYP 1A 1 Msp I、CY 1 PA 1 De-Val、GSTM 1和GSTT 1基因型在男性和女性中所占比例差异无统计学意义。芳香族DNA加合物的性别差异并不明显，女性肺癌与男性肺癌是否代表不同的疾病尚不清楚。如果关于肺癌遗传易感性的性别差异的假设被证明是正确的，那么减少被动和主动接触香烟烟雾的教育必须对女性的健康具有高度优先地位。

The most established etiologic risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Differing distributions of histologic types of lung cancer between males and females may be associated with differences in smoking patterns, but this does not fully explain the observed gender differences. There is growing epidemiological evidence that, when smoking habits are comparable, women incur a higher risk (2-3 times) for small cell lung carcinoma than men. Molecular epidemiological studies have also indicated gender differences in the genetic and biochemical alterations in lung cancer.We investigated polymorphisms of CYP1A1 (Msp I and IIe-Val) and GSTs (M1 and T1) in 152 lung cancer patients (male:female = 110:42). We also measured phenotypic activity of GYP1A1 (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, AHH) in peripheral mitogen-treated lymphocytes. No gender-differences were observed between age-, cigarette dose- and season of the year-adjusted AHH activity/AHH inducibility (3-methylcholanthren-induced AHH activity/non-induced AHH activity). Proportion of CYP1A1 Msp I, CY1PA1 De-Val, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in males and females was not significantly different. Gender difference in aromatic DNA-adducts was not evident.Whether lung cancer represents a different disease in women than in men is unclear. If the hypothesis regarding gender differences in genetic susceptibility to lung cancer proves to be true, education for reducing passive and active exposure to cigarette smoke must have a high priority for female's health.