Visual effects on vergence eye movements elicited by linear motion along the naso-occipital axis

聚散眼球运动由视觉刺激以及鼻枕（NO）线性头部运动引起。作为了解非直线运动时聚散眼运动神经机制的第一步，本研究利用直线运动滑车、视觉刺激器和眼动记录系统构建了一个新的实验系统，研究了视觉刺激对猕猴直线运动时眼动反应的影响。我使用的是警觉的日本猴子（Macaca fuscata），这些猴子以前受过固定小目标的训练。在记录过程中，猴子坐在椅子上，头部由头部保持器固定。我测量了水平和垂直的眼睛位置双眼使用电磁搜索线圈系统在1千赫。猴椅安装在线性雪橇上，其沿NO轴产生沿着0.1 - 0.5 g的恒定线性加速度。将随机点图案（= RD，69 × 69 × o）大视野视觉场景和/或红色中心固定目标（= FT，0.3 × o）反向投影到距离猴子35 cm的屏幕上。实验结果表明，直线运动引起的四种不同的视向反应是：a.对前庭刺激的发散反应，潜伏期为4 - 6 msb。对前庭刺激的会聚反应，潜伏期约为10毫秒。对RD大视场视觉场景的收敛反应，延迟约为45 msd。对具有约70 msRD的潜伏期的FT的会聚反应（= c）和FT（= d）增加了对前庭刺激的会聚反应（= B）。RD（= c）的作用强于FT（= d）。这些数据可能表明，RD（= c）的会聚反应与FT（= d）的会聚反应的神经机制不同，超短潜伏期（= a）的发散反应是我们没有预料到的眼反应。它们应该是未知的聚散眼反应，接下来我将阐明它们的神经机制和功能。

Vergence eye movements are elicited by visual stimuli and also naso-occipital (NO) linear head motion. As the first step in understanding the neural mechanisms of vergence eye movements during NO linear motion, I studied the effects of visual stimulus on the oculomotor response to forward linear motion in monkeys.For this purpose, I constructed the new experiment system using a linear sled, a visual stimulator and an eye recording system. I used alert Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) previously trained to fixate small targets. During recording sessions, the monkey was seated in a chair with its head secured by a head holder. I measured the horizontal and vertical eye positions binocularly using an electromagnetic search-coil system at 1 kHz. The monkey chair was mounted on a linear sled riding, which generated constant linear accelerations of 0.1 - 0.5 g along the NO-axis. A random-dot pattern (= RD, 69^ox69^o) large-field visual scene and/or a red center fixation target (= FT, 0.3^o) were/was back-projected onto a screen 35 cm away from the monkey. The results reveal that the four kinds vergence responses were elicited by forward linear motion as follows ;a. Divergence responses to vestibular stimulus with latencies of 4 - 6 msb. Convergence responses to vestibular stimulus with latencies of around 10 msc. Convergence responses to RD large-field visual scene with latencies of around 45 msd. Convergence responses to FT with latencies of around 70 msRD (= c) and FT (= d) increased convergence responses to vestibular stimulus (= b). The effects of RD (= c) were stronger than those of FT (= d). These data may show that the neural mechanisms of convergence responses to RD (= c) were not the same as those of convergence responses to FT (= d).Divergence responses with ultra short latencies (= a) were the eye responses we didn't expect. They should be the unknown vergence eye responses and next I will clarify their neural mechanisms and functions.