Visual effects on vergence eye movements elicited by linear motion along the naso-occipital axis

会聚性眼球运动可由视觉刺激引起，也可由鼻枕线性头部运动引起。作为理解NO直线运动时收敛性眼球运动的神经机制的第一步，我研究了视觉刺激对猴子前向直线运动时眼球运动反应的影响。为此，我构建了一个新的实验系统，使用了一个线性雪橇，一个视觉刺激器和一个眼睛记录系统。我使用了警觉的日本猴子（Macaca fuscata），它们之前被训练过，可以盯着小目标。在录制过程中，猴子坐在椅子上，头部由头部支架固定。我用1千赫的电磁搜索线圈系统用双眼测量了眼睛的水平和垂直位置。猴子椅安装在线性雪橇上，沿着no轴产生0.1 - 0.5 g的恒定线性加速度。将随机点图案（= RD, 69^ox69^o）大视场场景和/或红色中心注视目标（= FT, 0.3^o）反向投影到距离猴子35 cm的屏幕上。结果表明，向前直线运动可引起四种收敛响应：对前庭刺激的发散反应，潜伏期为4 - 6msb。前庭刺激的收敛反应，潜伏期约为10毫秒。RD大视场场景的收敛响应，延迟时间约为45毫秒/秒。潜伏期约为70 msRD的FT的收敛反应（= c）和FT （= d）增加了前庭刺激的收敛反应（= b）。RD （= c）的作用强于FT （= d）。这些数据可能表明，对RD （= c）的收敛反应与对FT （= d）的收敛反应的神经机制不同。超短潜伏期的发散反应（= a）是我们没有预料到的眼睛反应。它们应该是未知的收敛眼反应，接下来我将阐明它们的神经机制和功能。

Vergence eye movements are elicited by visual stimuli and also naso-occipital (NO) linear head motion. As the first step in understanding the neural mechanisms of vergence eye movements during NO linear motion, I studied the effects of visual stimulus on the oculomotor response to forward linear motion in monkeys.For this purpose, I constructed the new experiment system using a linear sled, a visual stimulator and an eye recording system. I used alert Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) previously trained to fixate small targets. During recording sessions, the monkey was seated in a chair with its head secured by a head holder. I measured the horizontal and vertical eye positions binocularly using an electromagnetic search-coil system at 1 kHz. The monkey chair was mounted on a linear sled riding, which generated constant linear accelerations of 0.1 - 0.5 g along the NO-axis. A random-dot pattern (= RD, 69^ox69^o) large-field visual scene and/or a red center fixation target (= FT, 0.3^o) were/was back-projected onto a screen 35 cm away from the monkey. The results reveal that the four kinds vergence responses were elicited by forward linear motion as follows ;a. Divergence responses to vestibular stimulus with latencies of 4 - 6 msb. Convergence responses to vestibular stimulus with latencies of around 10 msc. Convergence responses to RD large-field visual scene with latencies of around 45 msd. Convergence responses to FT with latencies of around 70 msRD (= c) and FT (= d) increased convergence responses to vestibular stimulus (= b). The effects of RD (= c) were stronger than those of FT (= d). These data may show that the neural mechanisms of convergence responses to RD (= c) were not the same as those of convergence responses to FT (= d).Divergence responses with ultra short latencies (= a) were the eye responses we didn't expect. They should be the unknown vergence eye responses and next I will clarify their neural mechanisms and functions.