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THE COMMUNITY STUDY ON INTERACTION AMONG NUTRIENT CYCLE, ANIMALS, AND PLANTS

营养循环、动物和植物之间相互作用的社区研究

基本信息

批准号：
13306012
负责人：
OSAWA Naoya
金额：
$ 18.89万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13306012/
关键词：
NITROGEN CARBON INSECT COMMUNITY HERBIVORY SOIL PLANT PHENOLOGY LITTER BROAD-LEAF TREE

项目摘要

The purposes of this research are to clarify the effects of soil fertility on 1)plant growth and phenotypic plasticity, 2)community structure of herbivory and predators, and 3)flows and stocks of nutrient cycles. Quercus serrata and Q.crispula saplings were grown in herbivore-damaged or undamaged areas of the greenhouse with the two fertilization treatment levels, low or high.At the individual level, herbivore-damaged saplings exhibited a significant increase in leaf numbers ; however, the total length of the extension units (EUs) in Q.serrata or Q.crispula was not significantly affected by herbivore damage, regardless of soil fertility. Furthermore, the probability of flushing in Q.serrata increased with an increase in the leaf damage of the parent EU. These results suggest that Q.serrata or Q.crispula saplings produce shorter EUs in response to herbivore damage in order to reduce the cost of mechanical support and spread the risk for any subsequent herbivore damage.For Q.serrata, ins … More ect damage significantly reduced leaf biomass at high soil fertility at the shoot and individual level. For Q.serrata, insect damage reduced leaf biomass regardless of soil fertility at both levels. Condensed tannin concentrations were high in saplings receiving insect damage at low soil fenility in both species. These results were likely to reflect a species-specific growth strategy ; Q.serrata invests in photosynthetic tissues and higher leaf quality, while Q.serrata invests in non-photosynthetic tissues.The difference of soil nutrient contents (three-year passed after transplanted) between insect damaged and undamaged soil on the experimental plot were analyzed to clarify the effect of insect damage on soil nutrient cycles. Water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC), nitrogen concentration, nitrogen mineralization rate, and nitrification rate were measured in vitro. The concentration of WEOC on insect damaged soil was higher than that on insect undamaged soil, whilst the effects of insect damage on the other nutrients were not observed. WEOC generally plays an important role on speed of nitrogen minedization in soil. Therefore, the results obtained here imply that long-term insect damage gives large impacts on nutrient cycles in soil. Less

本研究的目的是阐明土壤肥力对植物生长和表型可塑性、植食性和捕食性群落结构以及养分循环流量和储量的影响。结果表明，在不同施肥水平下，在个体水平上，受虫害影响的锯缘青冈（Quercus serrata）和皱叶青冈（Q. crispula）幼苗叶片数显著增加，但无论土壤肥力如何，受虫害影响的锯缘青冈和皱叶青冈幼苗叶片延伸单位（EUs）总长度均无显著变化。此外，随着亲本EU叶片受害程度的增加，锯缘青冈发生潮红的可能性也随之增加。这些结果表明，锯齿栎和皱叶栎幼苗对食草动物伤害的反应产生较短的EUs，以减少机械支持的成本，并分散任何随后的食草动物伤害的风险。 ...更多信息在地上部和个体水平上，ECT损伤显著降低了高土壤肥力下的叶片生物量。对于锯缘青冈，无论土壤肥力在两个水平上，虫害减少叶生物量。在两种植物中，在低土壤肥力条件下，受虫害的幼树中缩合单宁的浓度都很高。这些结果可能反映了物种特异性的生长策略;锯缘青冈投资于光合组织和更高的叶片质量，而锯缘青冈投资于非光合组织。分析了实验区虫害和未虫害土壤（移植后三年）土壤养分含量的差异，以阐明虫害对土壤养分循环的影响。在体外测定了水提取有机碳（WEOC）、氮浓度、氮矿化速率和硝化速率。虫害土壤中的WEOC含量高于未虫害土壤，而虫害对其他养分的影响不明显。水溶性有机碳对土壤氮素矿化速率具有重要影响。因此，这里得到的结果意味着，长期的虫害给土壤养分循环的影响很大。少