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Childbirth and Women's Bodies from the view point of a Female Doctor's Medical Documents-In the Context of Modernity

从一位女医生的医疗文献看分娩与女性身体——现代性语境

基本信息

批准号：
13837041
负责人：
SAWAYAMA Mikako
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
JUNSEI JUNIOR COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this research I examine the women's bodies and childbirth by exploring the life of a female doctor (Joi), Tamae Kogo and her medical documents. It is my intention to relate the changes in childbirth and women's bodies within a local society in the late 1800's and 1900's the medical documents and letters written by Tamae Kogo, who practiced in villages in Tsuyama for over 47years beginning in 1857.In Japan, women's bodies were viewed as birthing bodies in the Tokugawa period. During the nineteenth century in Japan, women's bodies and their reproductive lives became increasingly subject to state surveillance from pregnancy through childbirth. State supervision of women's reproductive practices was not an innovation of the Meiji government ; during the Tokugawa period, state authorities had attempted to control abortion and infanticide.Soon after its establishment, the Meiji government adopted the policy of trying to increase the population in order to build up the wealth and military power of the nation. This led the government to attempt to rapidly modernize the practice of obstetrics. In 1868, the first year of the Meiji period, the new government condemned the selling of medicine (i.e., abortifacients) and the practice of abortion by any midwife. What was new and effective was that the Meiji state mobilized medical professionals, particularly midwives who had received European-style training and who worked under the Meiji governments licensing system. The nationwide childbirth reforms carried out by such licensed midwives gradually abolished many customs between the Tokugawa period and the 1900's. Althoug Tamae Kogo had to follow national policy, she worked within her societies and played a significant role in the local community. She was close to the local inhabitants and closely associated with the women's bodies and childbirth.

在本研究中，我通过探索女医生（Joi）的生活，Tamae Kogo和她的医疗文件来检查女性的身体和分娩。本文将从1857年开始，在津山的村庄里行医47年的小吾玉前的医学文献和书信中，叙述19世纪末和1900年代地方社会中分娩和女性身体的变化。在日本，德川时代的女性身体被视为分娩身体。在日本，世纪，妇女的身体及其生育生活越来越多地受到国家从怀孕到分娩的监视。国家对妇女生育行为的监督并不是明治政府的创新。在德川时代，国家当局试图控制堕胎和堕胎。明治政府成立后不久，采取了试图增加人口的政策，以建立国家的财富和军事力量。这导致政府试图迅速使产科实践现代化。1868年，明治元年，新政府谴责卖药（即，堕胎药）和任何助产士堕胎的做法。明治政府动员了医疗专业人员，特别是接受过欧洲式培训并在明治政府许可制度下工作的助产士，这是一种新颖而有效的做法。在德川时代至1900年代，由这些有执照的助产士进行的全国性分娩改革逐渐废除了许多习俗。虽然Tamae Kogo必须遵循国家政策，但她在她的社会中工作，并在当地社区发挥了重要作用。她与当地居民关系密切，与妇女的身体和分娩密切相关。