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Study on Dimethylsulfide production by phytoplankton based on time-serial observations in the Antarctic Ocean

基于南极海域浮游植物产生二甲硫醚的时间序列观测研究

基本信息

批准号：
14405038
负责人：
ODATE Tsuneo
金额：
$ 9.28万
依托单位：
National Institute of Polar Research
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is the most abundant form of volatile sulfur in the ocean. According to the CLAW hypothesis (Charlson et al. 1987), marine DMS production may act as a climate regulatory mechanism via a feedback loop involving surface ocean temperature, phytoplankton, DMS, sulfate aerosol formation, and cloud albedo, although the existence of this feedback has not been proven. Recently, attention has been focused on assessing sinks and sources of DMS in the oceans and on the processes controlling the cycling of DMS in the marine environment. DMS is produced by the enzymatic cleavage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an organic compound synthesized by many phytoplankton species. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of biological processes on DMS dynamics in the Antarctic Ocean during the summertime, based on the time-serial observations in the austral summers of 2002/03, 2003/04, and 2004/05. The field data collected in the present study was synthesized in 2005. The present results show that sloppy feeding by Antarctic krill, which is the dominant herbivorousis macrozooplankton of the Antarctic Ocean, a more likely mechanism for producing DMS and dissolved DMSP. Moreover growth phase seems to be related DMSP production by diatoms. This may result in the low concentrations of dissolved DMSP observed in the early stage of diatom blooms under natural conditions. Since these processes on biological production as well as DMS and DMSP production are seem to be affected by variations of sea ice distribution, further study must be required to fully understand the global environment change.

二甲基硫（DMS）是海洋中最丰富的挥发性硫。根据CLAW假说（Charlson等人，1987年），海洋二甲硫醚的产生可能通过一个涉及海洋表层温度、浮游植物、二甲硫醚、硫酸盐气溶胶形成和云蒸发的反馈回路，作为一种气候调节机制，尽管这种反馈的存在尚未得到证实。最近，注意力集中在评估海洋中二甲硫醚的汇和源以及控制二甲硫醚在海洋环境中循环的过程。二甲基硫醚是由二甲基磺基丙酸酯（DMSP）的酶促裂解产生的，DMSP是一种由许多浮游植物物种合成的有机化合物。本研究的目的是确定夏季期间在南极海洋DMS动力学的生物过程的影响，在2002/03年，2003/04年和2004/05年的南半球夏季的时间序列观测的基础上。本研究收集的实地数据是2005年综合的。目前的研究结果表明，草率喂养南极磷虾，这是主要的草食性大型浮游动物的南极海洋，更可能的机制，产生二甲基硫和溶解DMSP。此外，生长阶段似乎与硅藻产生DMSP有关。这可能导致在自然条件下硅藻水华早期观察到的溶解DMSP浓度较低。由于这些生物生产过程以及DMS和DMSP的生产似乎受到海冰分布变化的影响，因此必须进一步研究以充分了解全球环境变化。