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Comparative Studies of the Use of the Method of Hypothesis in Ancient Philosophy, Medicine, Mathematics and Skepticism

古代哲学、医学、数学和怀疑论中假设方法运用的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510010
负责人：
KANAYAMA Yasuhira
金额：
$ 1.6万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.One of the results of this research is the completion of a Japanese translation of Sextus Empiricus, Against Mathematicians, vols.1-6. I realized thereby that the reason why Sextus distinguishes between several meanings of ‘hypothesis' is closely connected with the skeptics' way of living and arguing. Ancient skeptics do not doubt the credibility of what is believed in everyday life. They have doubts about dogmatists' claim to knowledge, and the distinction of the meanings of words helps them to focus on their exact target. Above all hypothesis in the sense of ‘principle for demonstration' is what is to be criticized by them.2.As to geometry I compared the use of hypothesis between Plato, Aristotle and Euclid, and found that although interpreters tend to emphasize the difference between Aristotle and Euclid, there is no substantial difference, as far as the basic role of hypothesis is concerned.3.I showed my own clarification of the details of the method of hypothesis in the Phaedo. As to the relationship between the recollection theory and the method of hypothesis in Plato's Meno, I obtained the following results.(1)Meno's paradox, whose answer from Socrates is the recollection theory, contains three arguments, i.e. (a)it is impossible to start enquiry, (b)it is impossible to continue enquiry, (c)it is impossible to succeed in enquiry.(2)The theory of recollection answers (b)and (c).(3)Plato's illustration of ‘the Road to Larissa' should not be taken to imply that Plato regarded knowledge as a matter of direct acquaintance. It should be understood in relation with the quest for reasons by the method of hypothesis for the purpose of tying down true opinions.

1.这项研究的成果之一是完成了Sextus Empiricus的日文翻译，反对数学家，第1 -6卷。我由此认识到，塞克斯图斯之所以区分“假说”的几种含义，与怀疑论者的生活方式和争论方式密切相关。古代的怀疑论者并不怀疑日常生活中所相信的东西的可信度。他们对教条主义者声称的知识表示怀疑，而对词义的区分有助于他们专注于自己的确切目标。2.在几何学方面，我比较了柏拉图、亚里士多德和欧几里得对“假说”的使用，发现尽管阐释者倾向于强调亚里士多德和欧几里得之间的差异，但并没有实质性的差异，就假说的基本作用而言。3.我对《斐多篇》中假说方法的细节进行了自己的澄清。关于回忆理论与柏拉图《美诺》中假设方法的关系，我得出了以下结论。（1）梅诺悖论包含三个论证，即（a）不可能开始探究，（B）不可能继续探究，（c）不可能成功探究。（2）回忆理论回答了（B）和（c）。（3）柏拉图对“通往拉里萨之路”的说明不应被视为暗示柏拉图将知识视为直接认识的问题。它应该被理解为与通过假设的方法寻求理由，以束缚真正的观点有关。