The Studies of Historiography and The Birth of Twenty Century Theater

本课题通过对俄罗斯戏剧史的史学研究，探讨了俄罗斯戏剧史的一些重要问题。它以其艺术成就而集中于18^世纪中期<th>的戏剧活动。当然，它承认俄罗斯早期的活动，但它已经开始对19^世纪的艺术和美学水平进行历史评价<th>。这意味着20世纪前10年俄罗斯史学对戏剧史的研究出现了新的视角，从而使史学在总体上具有了美学的视角<th>，并使俄罗斯史学对戏剧史的描述出现了新的视角。弗谢沃罗茨基-格恩格罗斯的《俄罗斯史》是一部独特的历史著作。格恩格罗斯试图从普通人的生活而非艺术的范式来描述历史。根格罗斯认为戏剧史不仅是艺术活动，而且是日常生活的一部分。格恩格罗斯借用了尼古拉·埃夫雷诺夫（Nikolai Evreinov）的戏剧本能思想，发展了一个广阔的视角。格恩格罗斯试图从宫廷宴会到日常儿童游戏来理解戏剧。历史预示了今天的“表演论”，俄罗斯戏剧史很好地体现了国家戏剧史学的理念。特别是苏联戏剧史学，显示了民族观念如何描述戏剧史。但必须指出的是，苏联时期的戏剧学者所依赖的是俄罗斯戏剧史学的传统史学，而不是苏联民族主义意识形态。探讨记忆在戏剧史编纂中的作用也具有重要意义。历史学与记忆的联系将为戏剧史的研究提供新的视角，但民族戏剧史的研究必须在当代史学观念下重新审视。因为种族模式或性别模式迫使改写历史以及跨文化模式。

Through the research of historiography of Russian Theatre History, the project explored some important points on it. At first the project made clear the features of Russian historiography. It had focused on the middle of 18^<th> century theatre activities because of its artistic achievements. Of course it has recognized early Russian activities but it had started historical evaluation of artistic and aesthetic level in the 19^<th> Century. It meant Historiography in general had included aesthetic view points, because of it some new perspectives of history had explored in the first decade of 20^<th> century.And then Russian historiography had new approaches to describe the theatre history. The Russian History by Vsevorodsky-Gerngross is unique one. Gerngross tried to describe the history from not artistic paradigm but ordinary human life. Gerngross recognized theatre history as not only art activity but a part of an ordinary daily life. Borrowing the idea of theatrical instinct by Nikolai Evreinov, Gerngross developed a vast perspective. Gerngross attempted understand theatre from the court banquet to daily child play. The history had predicted the "Performance theory" today.Russian theatre history well indicated the conceptions of National Theatre Historiography. In particular Soviet theatre historiography showed how national conception described the theatre history. But it must paint out here that the theatre scholars in the Soviet era depended on the traditional historiography of Russian theatre historiography rather than soviet nationalist ideologies. And it is important to explore how functions the memory in theatre historiography as well. There historiography would make linkages to memory it would find new dimensions on theatre historiography.Anyway a national theatre historiography has to be reconsidered under contemporary concepts of historiography. Because racial model or gender model forced to rewrite the history as well as intercultural model.