Life span development study on spatial perspective-taking with response time as an index

空间透视是一种在三维空间中的虚拟体运动形式。设计了一个独立于其他信息处理的测量任务，并对虚拟体运动的生命周期发展进行了评价。参与者包括儿童、大学生和老年人，他们被要求从他们的正面开始拍摄8个点的视角，然后每45度拍摄一次。从被试的角度出发的距离与平均反应时间之间的关系的回归线的梯度不随年龄的变化而变化。此外，显示虚拟体运动不足的反向错误率占总错误率的比例依次为儿童bb0大学生bb1老年人。这些结果表明，虚拟体运动能力在老年人中是保留的。这一发现与传统观点相矛盾，传统观点认为空间换位思考能力在晚年会下降。本文结合影像学和脑学研究讨论了这些发现的意义。

Spatial perspective-taking is a form of virtual-body movement in three-dimensional space. A new task for measuring this separately from other information-processing was devised and the life span development of virtual-body movement was evaluated. Participants were children, university students and elderly people who were asked to take-in the perspectives of eight points starting from their front, and subsequently at every 45 degrees. The gradient of the regression line of the relationship between the distance from the participants to the points for which perspectives were to be taken, and the average response time, did not differ with the age. Furthermore, the percentage of the reverse error ratio, which shows the inadequateness of virtual-body movement, to the total number of errors, was high in the order of children>university students>elderly. These results indicate that virtual-body movement ability is retained in the elderly. This finding contradicts the conventional wisdom that spatial perspective-taking ability declines in late life. The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to imaging and brain research.