Ethnic Conflicts from the Viewpoint of Comparative Politics : Its Emergence, Escalation and Expansion, Prevention, and Resolution

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Characteristics of Ethnic Conflict : Ethnic conflict generally tends to be protracted. There are three reasons of protraction. Firstly it comes from the weakness of leadership. It will become more complicated, because of the existence of "agency, "and center-local relations. Secondly guerilla tactics are adopted and small arms are utilized in ethnic conflict. Thirdly, the issue is concerned with identity.Emergence of Ethnic Conflict : There are two types' of causes in the emergence of ethnic conflict. They are underlying and proximate causes. There are two patterns in the relation between underlying and proximate causes. Pauperization and democratization will be closely connected with the emergence of ethnic conflict.Escalation and Expansion of Ethnic Conflict : We must distinguish between escalation and expansion, the former is the growth of ethnic conflict in vertical dimension, and the latter is one in horizontal dimension. The decrease or lack of communications among parties has an … More influence upon the process of escalation. Security dilemma sometimes functions. There are contagion and intervention in expansion.Prevention of Ethnic Conflict : We can only recognize the preventive methods which maintain multiethnicity, and keep the international border unchangingly. Typically those are federation, consociation, and cultural autonomy, but all o them have the same problem, the decrease of administrative efficiency.Resolution of Ethnic Conflict : Only outsiders can use the methods of resolution. Nowadays, peacekeeping is frequently adopted, but it can only freeze ethnic conflict temporarily. Surely peace-building is needed, in order to resolve ethnic conflict fundamentally. Military intervention is preconditioned upon the accountability for constituencies. They are also taxpayers.I analyzed the ethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia as case study in this project, especially from the viewpoint of above-described characteristics, emergence, and escalation and expansion of ethnic conflict. Less