Research of Models of Interpretation of Discourse, and Development of Japanese Grammar Based on Interpretation

为了建立一个日语处理系统，我们必须发展句子信息和语篇信息如何构建的理论及其在计算机上的实现。对于前一部分-至少在句子层面-我们已经看到了计算语言学理论的发展，比如日语短语结构语法。在日语处理或自然语言处理中，没有语境信息很难对一个句子甚至一个词进行合理的解释。基于日语短语结构语法和动态句法理论，我们解决了句子和语篇如何在语境中解释，什么样的解释是首选的，以及我们应该以什么样的逻辑(而不是统计)框架作为基础的问题。在我们的研究中，语法被重新定义：在狭义意义上，它描述了词和句子的意义是如何计算出来的；在…中从更广泛的意义上讲，它是根据语境信息，尤其是语篇结构，通过与语境无关的意义来构建句子和语篇理解的一套原则。这与传统的语法观形成了鲜明的对比，传统的语法观认为句法规则和原则起着主要作用。我们研究了语篇理解的方法，为从语篇中学习打开了一扇大门。我们所做的是从日语语篇理解过程的角度描述语法的几个方面。具体地说，我们以分段语篇结构理论和动态句法理论为核心，分析了言语行为的结构、语篇结构和话语语境。作为具体的话题，我们以日语歧义助词、零形回指和时态的解释过程为例。此外，我们试图开发一种语言理解模式，该模式不仅涵盖报纸等书面文本，还涵盖儿童与其照顾者之间的对话和对话等口头话语。最后，我们考虑了日语作为对比英语的语言的特点。结果表明，日语的主要特点是它的灵活性，即在多层语境较少的情况下，语境转换容易

In order to build a Japanese language processing system, we have to develop both the theory of how the information of sentences and discourse should be constructed, and its implementation on a computer. For the former part-at least in the sentence level---, we have seen the development by computational linguistic theory, such as Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar. It is widely accepted that it is very hard to obtain a reasonable interpretation of a sentence, or even a word, without context information in Japanese language processing, or natural language processing in general.Based on Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar and Dynamic Syntax theory, we tackle the problem of how sentence and discourse can be interpreted in context, what interpretations are preferred, and what kind of logical (not statistical) framework we should take as the basis. In our study, grammar is redefined: in the narrow sense, it describes how the context independent meaning of words and sentence is calculated; in th … More e wider sense, it is a set of principles that define how the interpretation of sentence and discourse is constructed from the context-independent meaning based on context information, especially discourse structure. This is very contrasted with the traditional view of grammar that syntactic rules and principles play the most part of roles. We have investigated the way of discourse understanding, and open a gate to the learning from discourse.What we did is that describing several aspects of grammar from the view of Japanese discourse interpretation processing. To be concrete, we take Segmented Discourse Structure Theory and Dynamic Syntax theory as our central theory, we analyze the structure of speech act, discourse structure, and utterance context. As the specific topics, we take the interpretation process of Japanese ambiguous particles, zero anaphora and tense. Furthermore, we try to develop an language understanding model which covers not only written texts such as newspapers, but also oral discourse such as conversations and dialogue between a child and her caretaker. Finally we consider the characteristics as a language of Japanese contrasting English. As the result, we come to a conclusion that the main characteristic of Japanese is its flexibility, that is, the easiness of context shift with the multi-layered contexts Less