Research of Models of Interpretation of Discourse, and Development of Japanese Grammar Based on Interpretation

为了建立日语语言处理系统，我们必须发展如何构建句子和语篇信息的理论，并在计算机上实现它。对于前一部分，至少在句子层面上，我们已经看到了计算语言学理论的发展，如日语短语结构语法。在日语语言处理或自然语言处理中，如果没有上下文信息，很难对句子甚至单词进行合理的解释。本文基于日语短语结构语法和动态语义分析理论，解决了句子和语篇如何在上下文中进行解释，选择什么样的解释，以什么样的逻辑（而不是统计）框架为基础。在我们的研究中，语法被重新定义：在狭义上，它描述了词和句子的独立于语境的意义是如何计算的;在狭义上，它描述了词和句子的独立于语境的意义是如何计算的;在狭义上，它描述了词和句子的独立于语境的意义是如何计算的。 关于我们 从更广泛的意义上说，它是一套定义如何根据上下文信息，特别是语篇结构，从与上下文无关的意义中构建句子和语篇解释的原则。这与传统的语法观形成鲜明对比，传统的语法观认为句法规则和原则起着主要作用。本文从日语语篇理解过程的角度，探讨了语篇理解的途径，为日语语篇学习打开了一扇大门。具体而言，本文以语篇结构理论和动态话语结构理论为核心，分析了言语行为结构、语篇结构和话语语境。具体以日语歧义助词、零形回指和时态的解释过程为研究对象。此外，我们试图开发一种语言理解模型，不仅包括书面文本，如报纸，而且还包括口头话语，如对话和对话之间的儿童和她的照顾者。最后，我们认为，作为一种语言的日语对比英语的特点。结果表明，日语的主要特点是其灵活性，即在多层次的语境中，语境容易转换。

In order to build a Japanese language processing system, we have to develop both the theory of how the information of sentences and discourse should be constructed, and its implementation on a computer. For the former part-at least in the sentence level---, we have seen the development by computational linguistic theory, such as Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar. It is widely accepted that it is very hard to obtain a reasonable interpretation of a sentence, or even a word, without context information in Japanese language processing, or natural language processing in general.Based on Japanese Phrase Structure Grammar and Dynamic Syntax theory, we tackle the problem of how sentence and discourse can be interpreted in context, what interpretations are preferred, and what kind of logical (not statistical) framework we should take as the basis. In our study, grammar is redefined: in the narrow sense, it describes how the context independent meaning of words and sentence is calculated; in th … More e wider sense, it is a set of principles that define how the interpretation of sentence and discourse is constructed from the context-independent meaning based on context information, especially discourse structure. This is very contrasted with the traditional view of grammar that syntactic rules and principles play the most part of roles. We have investigated the way of discourse understanding, and open a gate to the learning from discourse.What we did is that describing several aspects of grammar from the view of Japanese discourse interpretation processing. To be concrete, we take Segmented Discourse Structure Theory and Dynamic Syntax theory as our central theory, we analyze the structure of speech act, discourse structure, and utterance context. As the specific topics, we take the interpretation process of Japanese ambiguous particles, zero anaphora and tense. Furthermore, we try to develop an language understanding model which covers not only written texts such as newspapers, but also oral discourse such as conversations and dialogue between a child and her caretaker. Finally we consider the characteristics as a language of Japanese contrasting English. As the result, we come to a conclusion that the main characteristic of Japanese is its flexibility, that is, the easiness of context shift with the multi-layered contexts Less