Curriculum Management in Physical Education : Concerning Autopoiesis of Curriculum based on practices of teaching-learning procesSes

本研究的目的是探讨自主课程管理（以下简称ACM）在体育教学中的应用。得到了以下结果：(1) ACM的理论模型构建ACM具有多反馈的自创生周期。ACM的基本功能有三个，即开发、设计和协调教学目标-内容-方法的统一。(2) ACM实际运行需要哪些要素？ACM的自创生周期由三个层次组成，分别与每学年的目标、学科内容和单元教材以及教与学过程有关。ACM需要同事的合作和校长的支持，包括班级、学校活动和社团活动。一位推动ACM的老师通过反思自己的指导，持续进行课程评价和课程改进。(3)开发过程中课程设计原则的变化更多的是ACM的发展过程，在ACM的发展过程中，课程的整合和差异化也在不断推进。教师的教学自主权已经确立。教师管理课程的范围展开了。由教材编排表组成的课程已成为集体育教学目标、内容、方法和评价为一体的课程。(4)本研究考察的其他对象（主题）(1)德国学校体育合法化问题和体育课程发展过程：以北莱茵威斯特法伦州为例。(2)学校儿童和学生的发展问题与体育课程改革：基于一些关于学习与发展的事实调查结果。(3)二战后初期原创性体育设计的形成过程。（四）学校活动自愿管理中的自治教育职能。(5)小学ACM学校目标的形成和教师自我培训体系的组织。少

The purpose of this study is to examine the autonomous curriculum management (I abbreviate it to ACM as follows) in physical education. The following results were obtained.(1) Construction of theoretical model on the ACMThe ACM has autopoietic cycles of multi-feedback. There are three basic functions of the ACM, that is to say, developing, designing and coordinating the unity of the objective-content-method in instructions.(2) What matters does the ACM need to function actually?Autopoietic cycles of the ACM consist of three levels which are related to the objective of each school year, to the subject contents and the teaching materials of units and to teaching-learning processes. ACM needs collaboration of colleagues and support of the principal with classes, school events and club activities. A teacher who has promoted ACM has continued curriculum evaluation and curriculum improvement through reflection on own instructions.(3) A change of the principles of curriculum design in the dev … More elopment process of ACMIn the development process of ACM, integration and differentiation of a curriculum has progressed. Autonomy of instruction of a teacher has been established. A range of curriculum management by the teacher spreads out. A curriculum comprising arrangement lists of the teaching materials has turned into the curriculum that integrates the objective, content, methodology and evaluation of physical education.(4) The other objects ( themes ) which were examined in this study(1)Legitimation problem of school sports and process of sports curriculum development in Germany : In the case of Nordrhein Westfalen State.(2)Development problems of school children and students and curriculum reform in physical education : On the basis of some results of fact-findings about learning and the development.(3)The formation processes of original physical education design in the early period after the world war II.(4)Educational functions for self-government in the voluntary management of a school event.(5)The formation of a school objective and organization of the self-training system by teachers for ACM in an elementary school. Less