Curriculum Management in Physical Education : Concerning Autopoiesis of Curriculum based on practices of teaching-learning procesSes

本研究旨在探讨体育自主课程管理(以下简称ACM)。主要研究结果如下：(1)ACM理论模型的建立ACM具有多反馈的自生循环。ACM有三个基本功能，即开发、设计和协调教学中目标-内容-方法的统一。(2)ACM实际上需要发挥什么作用？ACM的自生循环由三个层次组成，分别与每个学年的目标有关，与单元的学科内容和教材有关，与教与学的过程有关。ACM需要同事的合作和校长的支持，包括课堂、学校活动和俱乐部活动。提倡自主学习的教师通过对自己的指导进行反思，不断地进行课程评价和课程改进。(3)开发…课程设计原则的变化在ACM的发展过程中，一门课程的整合与分化不断推进。教师的教学自主权已经确立。一系列由教师进行的课程管理展开。由教材编排清单组成的课程已转变为集目标、内容、(4)本研究的其他研究对象(主题)：(1)学校体育合法化问题和德国体育课程发展的过程：以北威斯特法伦州为例；(2)学校儿童和学生的发展问题与体育课程改革：基于一些关于学习和发展的事实调查结果；(3)二战后早期原始体育设计的形成过程。(4)自主管理在学校活动自愿管理中的教育功能。(5)小学教师自主学习能力培养目标的形成和自我训练体系的组织。较少

The purpose of this study is to examine the autonomous curriculum management (I abbreviate it to ACM as follows) in physical education. The following results were obtained.(1) Construction of theoretical model on the ACMThe ACM has autopoietic cycles of multi-feedback. There are three basic functions of the ACM, that is to say, developing, designing and coordinating the unity of the objective-content-method in instructions.(2) What matters does the ACM need to function actually?Autopoietic cycles of the ACM consist of three levels which are related to the objective of each school year, to the subject contents and the teaching materials of units and to teaching-learning processes. ACM needs collaboration of colleagues and support of the principal with classes, school events and club activities. A teacher who has promoted ACM has continued curriculum evaluation and curriculum improvement through reflection on own instructions.(3) A change of the principles of curriculum design in the dev … More elopment process of ACMIn the development process of ACM, integration and differentiation of a curriculum has progressed. Autonomy of instruction of a teacher has been established. A range of curriculum management by the teacher spreads out. A curriculum comprising arrangement lists of the teaching materials has turned into the curriculum that integrates the objective, content, methodology and evaluation of physical education.(4) The other objects ( themes ) which were examined in this study(1)Legitimation problem of school sports and process of sports curriculum development in Germany : In the case of Nordrhein Westfalen State.(2)Development problems of school children and students and curriculum reform in physical education : On the basis of some results of fact-findings about learning and the development.(3)The formation processes of original physical education design in the early period after the world war II.(4)Educational functions for self-government in the voluntary management of a school event.(5)The formation of a school objective and organization of the self-training system by teachers for ACM in an elementary school. Less