Establishment of methods for genetic conservation on the target species in the management of natural

人们认为，采收的影响不仅会带来树木个体数量的减少，而且会通过未来的育种对遗传多样性产生很大的影响。遗传多样性是每个物种生存和进化的源泉，维护森林生态系统的生物多样性具有重要意义。本研究以天然林中遗传多样性还不够明确的物种为研究对象，试图探讨其对物种多样性的影响。首先，阐明了白桦和白桦分布的遗传多样性状况。因此，近几年种植种群的遗传管理，如种子分布区的设置，被证明是必要的，以应对其大范围分布的移动。此外，还验证了地面干旱化作为一种积极的多样性管理方法在大叶杨上的有效性。此外，还分别阐明了冷杉、高山冷杉和热带云杉在特定地区的遗传多样性。此外，还对针叶树更新、造林、采伐等管理措施对其遗传多样性的影响进行了评价，不仅阐明了树种的种群分化和遗传结构，而且部分阐明了采伐、造林等森林经营对后代遗传多样性的影响。这些都被认为对未来的森林管理有很大的贡献。

It is thought that the influence of harvesting not only brings a decrease in the number of tree individuals but also will exert a big influence on genetic diversity through the breeding in the future. Genetic diversity is a source of the existence of each species and its evolution, and it is important to maintain the biodiversity in forest ecosystem. Species in natural forest which genetic diversity had not been clarified enough are targeted and we tried to discuss the influence exerted on it in this research. At first, on Betula maximowicziana and Betula shimidtii, the situation of genetic diversity that covered their distribution was clarified. As the result, genetic management of planting stocks, such as the setting of seed distribution area, was proven to be necessary against the movement of their wide range distribution in recent years. Moreover, the effectiveness of ground scarification as a positive diversity management method was verified on B.maximowicziana. Moreover, genetic diversity of Abies firma, Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis in a specific region was clarified respectively. In addition, the influence of various managements as regeneration, afforestation, harvesting, etc. on their genetic diversity was evaluated on the conifers.The population differentiation and the genetic structure of the tree species were not only clarified by these researches but also the influence of forest management like harvesting, afforestation, etc. on genetic diversity of the future generation was clarified a part. It is thought that these greatly contribute to the forest management for the future.