Establishment of methods for genetic conservation on the target species in the management of natural

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It is thought that the influence of harvesting not only brings a decrease in the number of tree individuals but also will exert a big influence on genetic diversity through the breeding in the future. Genetic diversity is a source of the existence of each species and its evolution, and it is important to maintain the biodiversity in forest ecosystem. Species in natural forest which genetic diversity had not been clarified enough are targeted and we tried to discuss the influence exerted on it in this research. At first, on Betula maximowicziana and Betula shimidtii, the situation of genetic diversity that covered their distribution was clarified. As the result, genetic management of planting stocks, such as the setting of seed distribution area, was proven to be necessary against the movement of their wide range distribution in recent years. Moreover, the effectiveness of ground scarification as a positive diversity management method was verified on B.maximowicziana. Moreover, genetic diversity of Abies firma, Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis in a specific region was clarified respectively. In addition, the influence of various managements as regeneration, afforestation, harvesting, etc. on their genetic diversity was evaluated on the conifers.The population differentiation and the genetic structure of the tree species were not only clarified by these researches but also the influence of forest management like harvesting, afforestation, etc. on genetic diversity of the future generation was clarified a part. It is thought that these greatly contribute to the forest management for the future.