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Establishment of methods for genetic conservation on the target species in the management of natural

建立自然管理中目标物种的遗传保护方法

基本信息

批准号：
15380100
负责人：
IDE Yuji
金额：
$ 10.11万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15380100/
关键词：
natural forest harvesting valuable tree species genetic diversity landscape regeneration Pinaceae Betula 施業 Picea Abies Betula マイクロサテライトマーカー分化開発

项目摘要

It is thought that the influence of harvesting not only brings a decrease in the number of tree individuals but also will exert a big influence on genetic diversity through the breeding in the future. Genetic diversity is a source of the existence of each species and its evolution, and it is important to maintain the biodiversity in forest ecosystem. Species in natural forest which genetic diversity had not been clarified enough are targeted and we tried to discuss the influence exerted on it in this research. At first, on Betula maximowicziana and Betula shimidtii, the situation of genetic diversity that covered their distribution was clarified. As the result, genetic management of planting stocks, such as the setting of seed distribution area, was proven to be necessary against the movement of their wide range distribution in recent years. Moreover, the effectiveness of ground scarification as a positive diversity management method was verified on B.maximowicziana. Moreover, genetic diversity of Abies firma, Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis in a specific region was clarified respectively. In addition, the influence of various managements as regeneration, afforestation, harvesting, etc. on their genetic diversity was evaluated on the conifers.The population differentiation and the genetic structure of the tree species were not only clarified by these researches but also the influence of forest management like harvesting, afforestation, etc. on genetic diversity of the future generation was clarified a part. It is thought that these greatly contribute to the forest management for the future.

认为采伐的影响不仅会导致林木个体数量的减少，而且会通过今后的育种对遗传多样性产生很大的影响。遗传多样性是物种生存和进化的源泉，对维持森林生态系统的生物多样性具有重要意义。本研究以天然林中遗传多样性研究不够深入的物种为研究对象，探讨了遗传多样性对物种多样性的影响。首先，对西南桦和新疆桦的遗传多样性进行了研究。因此，针对近年来大范围分布的趋势，有必要对苗木进行遗传管理，如确定种子分布区。此外，地面松土作为一种积极的多样性管理方法的有效性进行了验证B.maximowicziana。进一步阐明了冷杉、高山冷杉和长白云杉在同一区域内的遗传多样性。此外，还评价了更新、造林、采伐等管理措施对针叶树遗传多样性的影响，这些研究不仅阐明了针叶树种群分化和遗传结构，而且也部分阐明了采伐、造林等森林管理措施对子代遗传多样性的影响。这对未来的森林管理有很大的帮助。