Molecular mechanism whereby Type I interferon is induced in host immune cells by measles virus infection : possible involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

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TLR3 fosters the induction of type I interferon (IFN) in myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) in response to exogenously-added dsRNA. Recently, CARD-helicase family proteins, RIG-I and MDA5, are found to be involved in recognition of cytoplasmic dsRNA, presumably of viral origin. Thus, through these sensor molecules virus infection culminates in IFN response. In this study, we have identified the adapter molecule of TLR3 that induces IFN-β and named TICAM-1 (also called Trif). We established CD46/CD150 double TG mice and performed measles infection studies using the TG mice. The TG mice were not measles-sensitive until the IFNAR gene was simultaneously disrupted in addition to the TG. CD11c-positive mDCs were engaged in establishing the initial infection with measles virus. What are the role of TLR3 in mDCs during measles infection and their relation to immune suppression are currently under investigation.