A Study of Structural Transformation of Rural and Land-using Right in Modem China

在东北亚地区，特别是日本、韩国和台湾，二战后进行土地改革，开始以自耕农为原则的家庭农场经营已是司空见惯。同样在中国，他们进行了土地改革，正式创造了家乡农民。他们在那之后立即建立了人民公社，但自1979年引入生产责任制以来，家庭经营形成了基础。由于一种被称为全球化的幽灵，东北亚的这种家庭农场管理现在正处于危急关头。在本研究中，我们在对比研究韩国、台湾和中国的区域研究的基础上，讨论了家庭农场经营的基础；在中国一书中，我们讨论了“农村”和“沿海”生产责任制中土地使用权的实际情况有何不同。在此基础上，我们指出东北亚地区家庭农场经营的范围是多样化的，并建议东北亚地区的小农户在面临这样的严峻形势时，有必要制定“共同农业政策”。同时，我们认为“共同农业政策”并不是自由贸易协定在WTO框架内的实际补充，而是必须建立在小农存在的基础上。

In Northeast Asia, especially in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, it has been common that they had an agrarian reform after the World War II and started the family farm management based on the owner farmer principle. Also in China, they had a land reform and formally created home farmers. They established the people's commune right after that but family management formed the basis since the introduction of production liability system in 1979. Such family farm managements in Northeast Asia are now in a critical situation due to a specter called globalization. In this study, we discuss how the family farm managements are based on with comparatively studying the regional research in Korea, Taiwan, and China.In China, we discuss how the actual conditions of land-using right in the production liability system differ between the "rural area" and "coastal area". Also, we clarify the difference in their awareness of "land" between the "rural area" and "coastal area".With these discussions descried above, we point out that there are diversified ranges of family farm management and suggest the necessity of "common agricultural policy" for the small farmers in Northeast Asia, who are facing to such critical situations. Also, we describe that "common agricultural policy" is not FTA as an actual supplement in the WTO framework but has to be based on the existence of the small farmers (=family farm management).