Role of the cerebellar floccular region in generation of three dimensional pursuit eye movements - Comparison with frontal eye field signals -

前眼灵长类动物在正面平面上使用平滑追踪（正面追踪）和深度追踪（趋近追踪）来追踪在三维空间中缓慢移动的感兴趣的物体。众所周知，小脑小叶区在启动和维持前庭-眼反射（VOR）和前庭-眼反射（VOR）的控制中起着至关重要的作用。通过让猴子在三维空间中追逐一个移动的点，我研究了絮体区域的追逐浦肯野细胞是否具有收敛敏感性，以及它们是如何参与趋同追逐的。在112个追逐P细胞中，大多数（63%）同时进行正面追逐和侧边追逐，24%只进行侧边追逐，13%只进行正面追逐。大多数（58%）与收敛相关的P细胞具有速度敏感性，因此它们携带3d追踪信号。72%的人对边缘位置敏感。与此相反，追逐P细胞在小叶区的数量较少。80%的3d追逐P细胞在趋近追逐开始后放电，平均延迟56 ms。我还检查了絮状P细胞在前后翻译过程中的活性，以测试它们是否携带注视速度信号。大多数P细胞（17/22=77%）对前后翻译没有反应，当猴子被要求盯着一个与它们一起移动的目标以保持翻译过程中的收敛角时。然而，大多数（13/22=59%）猴子对补偿性收敛性眼球运动有反应。后一种情况下的实际反应可以用趋近追踪时的眼速敏感性来预测。这些结果表明，参与3d追踪的是絮状体区域，而不是凝视（空间眼）控制。絮凝区的跟踪信号可为跟踪增益控制提供内部反馈信号。聚光眼位置相关的P细胞活性也可以为VOR的适当控制提供观看距离信息。少

Frontal-eyed primates use both smooth-pursuit in frontal planes (frontal-pursuit) and pursuit-in-depth (vergence-pursuit) to track objects of interest moving slowly in three-dimensional (3D) space. The cerebellar floccular region is well known to play a crucial role in initiation and maintenance of frontal-pursuit and control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). By assigning monkeys to pursue a spot moving in 3D space, I examined whether pursuit Purkinje (P) cells in the floccular region have vergence sensitivity and how they are involved in vergence-pursuit. Of 112 pursuit P cells examined for both frontal and vergence-pursuit, the majority (63%) discharged for both, 24% discharged only for vergence-pursuit and 13% discharged only for frontal-pursuit. The majority of (58%) of vergence-related P cells had velocity sensitivity, thus they carry 3D-pursuit signals. 72% also had vergence-position sensitivity. In contrast, pursuit P cells that discharged specifically for frontal-pursuit ar … More e in the minority in the floccular region. 80% of 3D-pursuit P cells discharged after the onset of vergence-pursuit with the average lag of 56 ms. I also examined activity of floccular P cells during fore/aft translation to test whether they carry gaze-velocity signals. The majority of P cells (17/22=77%) did not respond to fore/aft translation when monkeys were required to fixate a target that moved with them in order to maintain the vergence angle during translation. However, most (13/22=59%) responded if the monkeys were required compensatory vergence eye movements. Actual responses during the latter condition were well predicted by their eye velocity sensitivity during vergence-pursuit. These results suggest the involvement of the floccular region in 3D-pursuit rather than gaze (eye-in-space) control. Pursuit signals in the floccular region could provide internal feedback signals for pursuit gain control. Vergence eye position-related P cell activity could also provide the viewing distance information for appropriate control of the VOR. Less