Effectiveness of the home-based training plan developed for an enhancement of functional mobility for the residents in snowy regions

在多雪地区的居民往往是不活跃的冬季，尽管事实上，他们正在从事要求的任务，如在积雪覆盖的表面上行走或铲雪。本研究旨在（1）确定体力活动的运动强度，（2）评价以家庭为基础的干预方案对冬季多雪地区中老年人加强体力活动的效果;（3）开发简单、廉价的家庭-主要研究结果如下：1.降雪季节的身体活动，如：在雪地上行走或铲雪比在无雪季节行走或园艺表现出更高的需氧量。2.该计划包括：（1）在基线健身测量后的简短指导（在冬季初），通过直接邮件鼓励体育活动，并通过日历提供信息，执行了110名居住在栗泽镇的中老年人，米卡萨市和Shibetu市。冬末，男25例握力、仰卧起坐、睁眼单腿站立、10 m栏间步行、6 min步行距离和ADL总分明显改善，女20例6 min步行距离明显改善。然而，这些人的血压在休息时，在冬季的收缩压和舒张压都有增加的趋势。3.一个步数计数器的开发，以评估的步数（步骤的锻炼）或步行距离的数量，由开关传感器和廉价的袖珍计算器。一个简单的腿部伸展训练工具，使用橡胶管，座椅，和数字重量计的开发。这些设备被认为是有用的，以保持在冬季期间在家里健身，因为锻炼者可以监测步行距离的量，攀登步骤的高度或所施加的力量的水平。

Residents in snowy regions tend to be inactive during winter in spite of the facts that they are engaging in demanding task such as walking on snow covered surface or snow shoveling. This study was designed (1)to determine exercise intensity of physical activities, (2)to evaluate the effects of a home-based intervention program designed to enhance physical activity for middle-aged and elderly people in snowy regions during winter and (3)to develop simple and inexpensive home-based training tools for strength training and aerobic exercise.Main findings were as follows1.Physical activities during snowfall seasons such as walking on snowy surface or snow shoveling revealed higher oxygen demand than those during snow-free seasons represented as walking or gardening.2.The program consist of (1)a short guidance after the baseline fitness measurements (at the beginning of winter), encouragement of physical activity by direct mail, and to present information on by calendar was executed 110 middle-aged and elderly living in Kurisawa town, Mikasa City, and Shibetu city. At the end of winter, Significant improvements were observed in grip strength, sit-ups, open eyes one leg standing, 10-m hurdle walk, 6-minutes walk distance and total score of ADL in 25 males and 6-minutes walk distance in 20 females. However, blood pressure at rest in these subjects tend to increase both in systolic and in diastolic during winter.3.A step counter was developed to evaluate the amount of number of steps (for step exercise) or walking distance made by switching sensor and inexpensive pocket calculator. A simple leg extension training tool using rubber tube, sitting chair, and a digital weight meter was developed. These devices are thought to be useful to maintain fitness in home during winter since the exerciser can monitor the amount of walking distance, height of climbing steps or level of strength exerted.