An Experimental Study on "Skilanglauf"

本研究的目的是获得关于越野滑雪作为一种运动的处方的基本信息，这种运动可以有效地改善生活在雪地地区的人们的健康和体能。选取20名健康的初级级和中级级滑雪运动员作为实验对象，研究步态特征与生理反应之间的关系，以及训练对这些参数的影响，以及初学者步态技术的生物力学特征。主要研究结果如下：1.从摄氧量的角度，本研究证实了大步长、低步频的步法比短步长、高步速的步法更具优势的假说。在相同的速度下，这适用于初级级和中级越野滑雪者以及赛车手。虽然摄氧量与速度成比例增加，但与步幅技术和雪地条件有关的变量更大。初学者斜行跨步技术的肌电表现为：(1)踢腿时腓肠肌的相位放电，(2)滑动期的胫前肌紧张性放电，(3)极化运动时的肱三头肌的相位放电。根据录像机的运动分析结果，初学者步长较短的特点是：(1)踢腿结束时腿部角度较小，(2)滑行时支撑腿膝关节屈曲不足，(3)上肢极地运动较小。

The purpose of this study was to obtain fundamental information about the prescription of cross-country skiing as an exercise which is effective in improving the health and fitness of people living in snowy regions. A total of 20 healthy beginning and intermediate skiers were selected as subjects in experiments to examine: (1) the relationship between stride characteristics and the physiological responses, (2) the changes in these parameters caused by training, and (3) biomechanical characteristics of stride techniques of beginners. The results were summarized as follows:1. From the aspect of oxygen uptake, this study confirmed the hypothesis that a stride technique engendering longer stride length and lower stride rate is more advantageous than a stride technique with a shorter stride length and higher stride rate. At the same rate of speed this applies to beginning and intermediate cross-country skiers as well as racers.2. Although oxygen uptake increases proportionately to speed, there exists a somewhat larger variable related to stride technique and snow conditions.3. The EMG findings on diagonal stride techniques for beginners were: (1 ) phasic discharge of m. gastrocnemius in the kick phase, (2) tonic discharge of m. tibialis anterior in the gliding phase, and (3) phasic discharge in m. triceps brachii in the poling motion.4. According to the results of motion analysis by VTR, a shorter stride length for beginners was characterized by the following: (1) a smaller leg angle at the end of a kick, (2) insufficient knee flexion of the supporting leg during the glide, and (3) a smaller poling motion in the upper limbs.