EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTION OF THE TIME IN FRENCH LITERATURE

在这项研究中，我们旨在阐明法国文学，特别是现代文学中描述的时间意识。在现代文学的基础上，对“线性时间”的怀疑和排斥一直存在。现代文学中表现出了什么样的时间意识--不同于通常以时间从过去到现在的均匀流动为代表的理性时间意识？本文主要从“先锋派”与“先锋派”的比较、克里奥尔文学的分析、“东方”与“西方”时间观的审视三个方面来研究这一问题。从第一种视角我们可以看到，无论是批判人类进化神话的“先锋派”作家，还是意识到媒体不透明性的“先锋派”作家，都具有一定的时间意识，这与进步历史观不同。事实上，被视为现代性本质的“先锋派”和 关于我们 重视落后于时代的价值观，保持着一种非常复杂的关系。第二种论证的克理奥尔文学已经打上了“黑人性”、“古老性”和“克理奥尔性”三个历史印记，它揭示了西方现代性是在排斥差异和落后的基础上实现的。第三点是试图澄清东西方的文化鸿沟，这是所有日本欧洲文学研究者都无法回避的问题。我们通过帕斯卡、奈瓦尔、中上贤治等的个案研究，分析了西方向东方过渡过程中产生的扭曲。本报告收集了上述研究的成果，整个研究表明，对文学中时间意识的分析可以使我们对现代社会有一个全面的认识。尽管在这项研究中研究的作者和年龄有限，但我们认为我们已经为进一步的研究奠定了必要的基础，这将在更大的领域中发展。少

In that research we aimed to elucidate the time consciousness described in French literature, especially in modern literature. In the basis of the modern literature a skepticism and a repulsion toward the "linear time" are consistently observed. What kind of time consciousness - differing from the rational one often represented by a homogeneous flow of time from past to present - has been expressed in modern literature?We studied this question principally from three views comparison of "avant-garde" and "arriere-garde", analysis of the Creole literature, and examination of the vision of time in "East" and "West". From the first approach we have remarked that not only the authors of "arriere-garde", who criticized the myth of human evolution, but also the writers of "avant-gardes", aware of the opacity of media, had a certain time consciousness which differ from the progressive view of history. In fact, the "avant-garde" considered as the essence of modernity and the "arriere-garde" who … More attaches importance to values fallen behind the time, maintain a very complex relation. The Creole literature of the second argument - which already carries three historical marks of "negritude", " antillity" and "creolity" - reveals that the Western modernity has been realized by the exclusion of difference and backwardness. The third point is an attempt at clarifying the cultural gap between East and West, problem unavoidable to all Japanese researchers of European literature. We have analyzed, through the individual studies of Pascal, Nerval, Valery Kenji Nakagami and so on, the distortion generated in the process of transition from West to East. The results of these above-mentioned studies are collected in this report.The whole research shows that the analysis of the time consciousness in literature allows putting the modern times in perspective. In spite of the limited number of authors and ages examined in that research, we think that we have founded the necessary basis for further studies, that will be developed in larger fields. Less