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the historical study of research collaboration activities in Japan

日本研究合作活动的历史研究

基本信息

批准号：
16330062
负责人：
HIRAMOTO Atsushi
金额：
$ 9.68万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16330062/
关键词：
Cooperative Research Cooperative Development Research and Development Industry-University Collaboration Technology Management Innovation Mobilization of Science and Technology Research and Testing Institute

项目摘要

This research program consisted of seven areas, (1) consumer electronics, (2) industrial electronics, (3) machine industry, (4) chemical industry, (5) networks of engineers, (6) industry-university linkage, and (7) research collaboration policy. Each conducted historical study on research collaboration for the period up to 1961.The study of (6), using data on institutionally co-authored papers in academic society journals in engineering, discovered that the research collaboration could be found easily in the 1930s and increased in number in wartime, decreased in number after the end of the war, and surged again up to unprecedented levels in the 1950s. The last fact overthrew the commonly accepted vague opinion that advocated long inactivity of university-industry linkages after the war.The respective parts conducted studies of such subjects as (1) radio sets and vacuum tubes, (2) semiconductors, (3) machine tools, (4) synthetic acetic acid, (5) the networks of radio engineers, (6) the … More comparison of university-industry linkages between the US and Japan in the physicists' case, and (7) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Neighborhood Groups, etc. The studies of the development process of vacuum tubes after the First World War and that of semiconductors after the Second World War revealed that the relations among actors on research and development changed drastically between them. Research collaboration, never existed in the early period of the former, played a significant role in the beginning of the latter, which showed the importance of promotion of research collaboration by such institutions as Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Neighborhood Groups, etc. The grassroots collaboration of radio engineers also began in the prewar days and flourished vigorously after the war. These case studies and the above data on papers clearly show that the social conditions for research collaboration in Japan underwent substantial changes from the 1930s to the 1950s. Less

该研究计划包括七个领域：(1)消费电子，(2)工业电子，(3)机械工业，(4)化学工业，(5)工程师网络，(6)产学研联动，以及(7)研究合作政策。两所大学都进行了截至1961年的研究合作历史研究。(6)的研究使用了在工程学术协会期刊上发表的机构合作论文的数据，发现研究合作在20世纪30年代很容易找到，战时数量增加，战争结束后数量减少，并在20世纪50年代再次飙升至前所未有的水平。最后一个事实推翻了普遍接受的模糊观点，即主张战后大学与工业的联系长期不活跃。各自的部分进行了以下主题的研究：(1)收音机和真空管，(2)半导体，(3)机床，(4)合成乙酸，(5)无线电工程师网络，(6)…在物理学家的情况下，美国和日本之间的大学-工业联系的更多比较，以及(7)日本科学促进协会，研究邻里团体等。对第一次世界大战后真空管和第二次世界大战后半导体发展过程的研究表明，它们之间的研究与发展行动者之间的关系发生了巨大变化。研究合作在日本科学促进会初期从未存在过，但在日本科学促进会初期却发挥了重要作用，这表明日本科学促进会、研究社区团体等机构对研究合作的推动作用。无线电工程师的基层合作也始于战前，战后蓬勃发展。这些案例研究和上述论文数据清楚地表明，从20世纪30年代到50年代，日本科研合作的社会条件发生了实质性的变化。少