International Joint Research on the Formation of the Traditional System for the Transmission of Drums in Asia as Found in the Marine Silk Road

这项研究的目的有三个方面。首先，通过收集日本及其周边亚洲地区鼓乐文化中的节奏模式，并基于拟声词文献构建数据库，以阐明亚洲鼓乐表演之间的相互关系。拟声词是一种传统的节奏模式传播方法。其次，通过对各地拟声系统的比较分析，力求突出日本人的音乐性。此外，本研究亦力求提供有关亚洲传统鼓表演的保存与发展的资料，并提出相关的理论与方法问题。在中国、越南、印度尼西亚、印度和日本进行了实地调查以收集数据。我们观察节日、仪式和表演艺术，因为它们是在实际的背景下进行的，我们参与其中，并能够制作文件……更多的是在获得许可的情况下拍摄照片和录像。我们要求举办并记录舞蹈戏剧、木偶剧和舞蹈的表演，以便获得用于分析表演艺术的表演风格或实际文本本身的材料。我们从传播技术的人那里学习如何打鼓，并通过采访这些人收集有关拟声词和传播方法的数据。从这些田野调查中可以看出，鼓声的拟声有两种文化风格：印度式的单音拟声和中国式的多音拟声。我们也清楚地认识到，有两个层次的文化区域：一个是简单地模仿鼓声，这可以被称为“简单的鼓声拟声词”另一个是将这种简单的模式系统化，或者可以被称为“系统化的鼓声拟声词”这两个因素并不一定相互关联，而是以一种非常复杂的方式重叠。此外，通过对这些因素的比较，我们可以清楚地看到，不仅是鼓的语境，而且与鼓相关的各种语境都对“听与模仿”的拟声词的发展和系统化起着重要的作用，从而使其成为一种传播系统。少

The purpose of this research is threefold. First, by collecting rhythm patterns found among culture of drums in Japan and its surrounding Asian regions and constructing a databank based on documentation of onomatopoeia which is used as a traditional method of transmission of rhythm patterns in each region, this research seeks to elucidate the interrelationship among drum performances in Asia. Second, by conducting comparative analysis of the systems of onomatopoeia of various regions, it seeks to highlight the musicality of the Japanese people. In addition, this research also seeks to contribute materials concerning the preservation and development of traditional drum performances in Asia and to propose relevant theoretical and methodological issues.Fieldwork was conducted in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, India and Japan to collect data.1.We observed festivals, rituals and performing arts as they were performed in actual context by participating in them and were able to make documentation … More by taking photographs and video films whenever permission could be obtained.2.We requested that performances be held and documented dance drama, puppet theater and dances in order to obtain materials to be used for analysis of the performing style, or the actual text itself, of performing arts.3.We learned how to play the drums from people who transmit the technique and collected data about onomatopoeia and the method of transmission by interviewing these people.From these fieldwork it became clear that there are two cultural styles in onomatopoeia of drums: Indian style, single note onomatopoeia type and Chinese style multi note onomatopoeia type. It also became clear that there are also two levels of cultural area: one which simply imitates the sound of drums, which may be called "simple onomatopoeia of drums," and one that systematizes this simple pattern, or which may be called "systematized onomatopoeia of drums." Both factors are not necessarily related to one another, and overlap in a very complex way. Moreover, it has become clear by comparing these factors show that not only the context of drums but also various contexts associated with drums have an influential role in developing and systematizing onomatopoeia which "listens and imitates" so that it can become a system of transmission. Less