Correlations between Chinese Media Use and Anti-Japan Attitudes : An empirical study based on content analysis and social surveys

本研究的目的是探讨媒体与中国人的反日态度之间的关系。本研究采用了三种方法。(1) 2005年，我们在上海进行了问卷调查（N=800），检验了日本和美国匿名对外国产品的影响。结果表明，匿名性和消费者民族中心主义对外国产品购买意愿有显著负向影响。为了详细说明产品类别的调节作用，采用了不同的数据集。结果表明，匿名性对汽车和电器产品的购买影响大于食品产品。(2) 2006年，在川美大学的主持下，在北京进行了另一项问卷调查。在此基础上，本文通过对北京地区的问卷调查，探讨爱国主义和民族中心主义与其他心理变量之间的关系。结果表明，在爱国主义运动中受到高度赞扬的共产党英雄受到了中国人民的广泛欢迎。在以往的研究中，我们发现民族中心主义和爱国主义是民族主义态度的两个独立维度，尽管这两个变量之间存在适度的相关关系。回归分析表明，生活满意度是区分这两个维度的关键；生活满意度水平与爱国主义正相关，与种族中心态度负相关。这两个维度都与对日、对美敌意相关，民族中心主义态度与对日、对美敌意正相关，爱国主义态度与对日、对美敌意负相关。结果表明，多种因素可能影响中国人民族主义情绪的兴起。结果与挫折-攻击假说一致，而爱国运动对敌意的影响不被支持。(3)对《人民日报》和《朝日新闻》进行了内容分析。基于这些调查和内容分析，我们得到了一些关于中国民族主义的发现。首先，我们发现中国媒体无法解释中国民族主义的崛起。其次，没有证据支持爱国主义教育对反日态度的强烈影响。综上所述，无论是媒体的影响还是爱国运动的影响，对日本的态度都没有显著的影响。同样，在日本，结果也很相似：媒体不只是在日本民众中宣扬反华态度。少

The purpose of this study was to examine how media and anti-Japan attitudes were associated among Chinese people. In this study, three methods were used. (1) In 2005, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Shanghai (N=800) to test the effects of anonymity to Japan and U.S. on foreign products. Results indicate that the anonymity and consumer ethnocentrism negatively and significantly affect the willingness to purchase foreign products. To elaborate the moderator effect of the product categories, a different data set was employed. Results indicate that the anonymity affects more strongly the purchase of products for automobiles and electric appliances than food products. (2) In 2006, another questionnaire survey was conducted in Beijing under auspices of Chuanmei University. Based on this survey, it is explored how patriotism and ethnocentrism are associated with other psychological variable, based on a questionnaire survey in Beijing. Results indicated that the communist heroes highli … More ghted in the patriotic campaign were widely embraced among Chinese people. As shown in previous studies, ethnocentrism and patriotism were found to be two separate dimensions of nationalistic attitudes despite the moderate correlation observed between the two variables. A regression analysis demonstrates that the life satisfaction is a key to differentiating between these two dimensions ; the level of life satisfaction is positively correlated with patriotism, while it is negatively correlated with ethnocentric attitudes. Both of these two dimensions are associated with the animosity against Japan and the U.S. Ethnocentric attitudes are positively correlated with the animosity, and patriotic attitudes are negatively correlated with the animosity. The result suggests that the multitude of factors may influence the rise of nationalistic sentiments among Chinese people. The result is consistent with the frustration-aggression hypothesis, while the influence of the patriotic campaign on the animosity is not supported. (3) Content analysis of People's Daily and the Asahi Shimbun is also conducted. Based on these surveys and content analysis, several findings were obtained on the Chinese nationalism. First, it was found that Chinese media cannot account for rising Chinese nationalism. Second, no evidence supported a strong influence of patriotic education on anti-Japan attitudes. In summary, neither effects of media or patriotic campaign does not significantly affect the attitudes to Japan. Likewise, in Japan, results are similar : media do not simply promote anti-China attitudes among Japanese people. Less