Folkloristic Research on Conservation and Management of Landscape as Local Resource

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In this research, we have had more than 20 short-period field surveys covering several patterns of utilization of landscape resources. The surveys have been mainly conducted for registration movement to an Important Cultural Landscape or a World Cultural Heritage, and for conservation movement of agricultural/forestral/fishery/mining landscapes. We have noted the following five points : 1. developping process of the movements, 2. political and scientific background of the movements, 3. evaluation given to the landscape both from inside and outside of the community, 4. influence of the movements on local resident life, 5. problems and inconsistency of the movement.Through the above-mentioned case study, it has been revealed that the political and the scientific ideas precede local movements, and local communities are forced to follow the ideas whether they hope or not. It is especially remarkable in the case of Important Cultural Landscape. Consequently these research papers are finished with focusing on either or both of two themes which are connected mutually : a) reexamination of political and scientific ideas, b) analysis of historical process and present condition of local examples.The following things can be pointed out as the result of this research. That is, 'landscape' is not merely a visible space to observe or analyze from outside but an organism to which various people are concerned with the process of forming, maintaining, transfiguring, and in this meaning, it is a concept exchangeable for 'culture'. And therefore, political and academic sector, which are concerned with utilization, evaluation and ranking landscapes, should give much more consideration to local resident and community and self-verification to exercising their own influence.