Theoretical Analysis of Long-run Effects of IPR and Competition Policy on Technical Progress and Economic growth

本研究项目的主要目的是建立封闭和开放经济的动态一般均衡模型，并对知识产权和竞争政策对技术进步和经济增长的长期影响进行理论分析。更具体地说，有四个目标，每个目标的实现程度将在下文中简要说明。第一个目标是证明知识产权与技术进步速度之间存在非单调关系。Haruyama最近的一项研究表明，如果将企业的异质性引入到内源性技术进步的标准模型中，就会出现这种非单调关系（该论文仍在进行中）。换句话说，企业生产率的异质性可以被认为是知识产权与技术进步之间产生非单调联系的因素之一。第二个目标是证明产品市场的完全竞争能够产生足够的研发激励。Haruyanra（2007）区分了在研发过程中创造的成文知识和隐性知识。本文重点研究了这两类知识的积累机制。第三个目标是探索竞争对技术进步产生积极影响的渠道。Haruyama（2006）研究了这一问题，他确定了竞争促进研发的三种机制。第四个目标是研究知识产权和竞争政策在促进技术进步方面的相互作用。原则上，可以在上述研究中形成的理论框架中对问题进行分析，但留给未来的研究。值得一提的是，除了已发表或公开发表的论文外，这些论文仍在进行中。也有一些论文与研究项目的具体目标没有直接关系，但却产生于研究项目。例如，有关于人口和环境问题的论文。我们认为，这项研究项目的结果对于为决策者提供信息非常重要。另一方面，在协调研究人员之间的研究方面似乎还有改进的余地。少

The main aim of this research project is to develop dynamic general equilibrium models of closed and open economies and conduct theoretical analysis of long-run effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) and competition policy on technical progress and economic growth. More specifically, there are four objectives, and the extent to which each objective is achieved is briefly explained in what follows. The first objective is to demonstrate the existence of a non-monotonic relationship between IPR and the rate of technical progress. One of recent studies of Haruyama shows that such a non-monotonic relationship arises if heterogeneity of firms is introduced into a standard model of endogenous technical progress (this paper is still in progress). In other words, heterogeneity in firms' productivity can be considered as one of factors that give rise to a non-monotonic link between IPR and technical progress. The second objective is to show that perfect competition in the product market c … More an generate sufficient incentives for research and development (R&D). The result is established in Haruyanra (2007) who distinguishes between codified and tacit knowledge created in R&D. The paper focuses on the accumulation mechanism of those two types of knowledge. The third objective is to explore channels through which competition generates positive impacts on technical progress. The issue is considered in Haruyama (2006), who identifies three mechanisms through which competition promotes R&D. The fourth objective is to examine interactions between IPR and competition policy in promoting technical progress. In principle, it is possible that the problem is analyzed in the theoretical framework developed in the above-mentioned studies, but it is left for future research. It is worth mention that them are papers still in progress in addition to those published or made available in public. There are also papers which are not directly related to the specific objectives of the research project, but are born out of it. For example, there are papers on population and environmental issues. We believe that results of this research project are important in informing policy makers. On the other hand, there seems to be room for improvement in coordinating research among investigators. Less