Effects of nitrophenols isolated from diesel exhaust particles on reproductive and endocrine system

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We examined the effects of nitrophenols, firstly isolated from diesel exhaust particles by us, on reproductive endocrine system using rats and Japanese quails. We dearly showed that these nitrophenols had estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities in rats by in vivo or in vitro experiments. The activities of these compounds, however, were different by differences of the architecture of the compounds. Two species of the compounds were clarified to a primary reductive substance of insecticide showing very important suggestions on ecological effects. The results were summarized as follows; 1). 4-ntorophenol (PNP) dearly showed high estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities. PNP is a primary reductive substance of insecticide parathion that is widely used in the developing country in the world. PNP caused severe atrophy of testes of Japanese quails suggesting a high anti-androgenic activity 2). 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol showed lower activities than that of PNP. PNMC is a primary reductive substance of insecticide fenitrothion that is used in the world include in Japan. 3). 4-nitro-3-phenyl phenol (PNMPP) showed the highest activities in these compounds. 4). 2-nitrophenol did not show any activities in rats. These results dearly showed structure-activity relationships, too.