Transformation of Japanese Civil Society and the Impact to Political Process

本项目旨在从多个角度分析日本公民社会转型带来的影响。山田通过分析全国调查数据，探索了日本政治参与的长期变化。从1976年到2005年。研究发现：1)精英挑战参与度没有增加；2)不同参与方式之间的相关性不断变化；3)性别和收入水平上的参与度差距在缩小。竹中对日本意识形态的现状进行了调查。他的主要发现如下。其一是，即使在自民党占主导地位的政党体系崩溃之后，他也没有观察到不理解意识形态的选民的增加，也没有观察到保守主义或中立主义的增加。二是日本意识形态在约束性问题上表现出下降趋势，但在国家安全问题上表现出下降趋势。第三点是意识形态仍然有很强的力量将自民党与左翼政党区分开来，如SDP和JCPMori分析了选举制度的变化对日本选举模式的影响。在过去的SNTV制度下，他在选举基础上找到了有效的重新安排，自民党倾向于减少农村地区的选票数量。

This project aimed to analyze the impact from transformation of civil society in Japan from various perspectives. Yamada has explored the long-term change in Japanese political participation through analyzing national survey data. from 1976 to 2005. The findings are 1) no increase at elite-challenging participation ; 2) correlation among various ways, of participation shows changes from time to time, 3) decreasing the participation gap on gender and income level.Takenaka has investigated current situation in Japanese ideology. His main findings are below. The one is that he does not observe the increase of constituents who do not understand ideology, and neither conservatization or neutralization, even after the breakdown of the LDP's predominant party system. The second is that Japanese ideology displays declining tendency at binding issues, but national security. The third point is that ideology still has a strong power to differentiate the LDP with leftist parties, such as SDP and JCPMori analyzes the impact of the change at electoral institution to voting pattern in Japan. He has found effective rearrangement at electoral bases under the past SNTV system, and the LDP tends to decrease the number of votes in rural districts.