Transformation of Japanese Civil Society and the Impact to Political Process

本项目旨在从多个角度分析日本公民社会转型带来的影响。山田通过分析全国调查数据，探索了日本政治参与的长期变化。1976年到2005年。研究发现：1)挑战精英的参与度没有增加；2)各种参与方式之间的相关性呈现出阶段性变化；3)性别和收入水平上的参与差距逐渐缩小。竹中研究了日本意识形态的现状。他的主要发现如下。其一，他没有观察到，即使在自民党主导的政党体系崩溃之后，不理解意识形态、不理解保守主义或中立主义的选民数量也在增加。第二，日本的意识形态除了国家安全以外，在约束性问题上呈现出下降趋势。第三点是意识形态仍然是区分自民党与社会民主党等左翼政党的强大力量，JCPMori分析了选举制度的变化对日本投票模式的影响。他发现，在过去的SNTV制度下，选举基础进行了有效的重组，自民党倾向于减少农村地区的选票。

This project aimed to analyze the impact from transformation of civil society in Japan from various perspectives. Yamada has explored the long-term change in Japanese political participation through analyzing national survey data. from 1976 to 2005. The findings are 1) no increase at elite-challenging participation ; 2) correlation among various ways, of participation shows changes from time to time, 3) decreasing the participation gap on gender and income level.Takenaka has investigated current situation in Japanese ideology. His main findings are below. The one is that he does not observe the increase of constituents who do not understand ideology, and neither conservatization or neutralization, even after the breakdown of the LDP's predominant party system. The second is that Japanese ideology displays declining tendency at binding issues, but national security. The third point is that ideology still has a strong power to differentiate the LDP with leftist parties, such as SDP and JCPMori analyzes the impact of the change at electoral institution to voting pattern in Japan. He has found effective rearrangement at electoral bases under the past SNTV system, and the LDP tends to decrease the number of votes in rural districts.