Establishment and Development of the Adaptations for "Girls" : Libraries of Translated Works for Children and the Consciousness of "Gender"

(1)通过调查战后日本出现的引人注目的女孩图书馆，可以证实，在儿童文学领域的三个主要公司出版的固定单词“女孩”出现在20世纪50年代至70年代期间。在这一时期还有另一个值得注意的女孩图书馆：Kin-no-Hoshi-sha出版的30卷《世界女作家名著选集，女孩》。对该系列的考察表明，当时的翻译家/改编者根据二战后民主社会的基本理念，在作品中体现了令人满意的女孩形象。另一方面，一些翻译/改编者也在他们的翻译中描绘了可怜的女性形象。(2)活跃的女孩形象可以追溯到战前的翻译/改编。一个典型的例子是佐藤幸六的《绿的天使》，它是根据狄更斯的《奥利弗扭曲》改编的。最初的女性角色被转变为活跃的女孩，她们有正义感和真正的勇气，就像男孩通常期望的那样。但是，归根结底，活跃的女孩最终还是结婚了。(3)加藤武夫对伯内特《小领主》的改编表明了一种理想的“已婚妇女”是“聪明的媳妇”。(4)因此，为女孩提供翻译/改编作品的图书馆的明确意图是教育读者成为当时的合适人选。有必要审查这些不仅面向女孩而且面向普通年轻读者的图书馆，以澄清期望获得什么。

(1) Through surveying the conspicuous libraries for girls appeared in postwar Japan, it is confirmed that those fix the word "girls" published by three principal companies in the field of children's literature emerged during the period from the 1950s to the 1970s. There was another noteworthy library for girls in that period: "Selected Masterpieces of World Mysteries, for Girls" in 30 volumes published by Kin-no-Hoshi-sha. The examination of that series revealed that the translators/adapters of those days embodied the desirable girl image in their pieces according to the basic idea of the democratic society after the Second World War. On the other hand some translators/adapters also depicted the pitiful female image in their renderings.(2) Active girl image can be traced back to the translations/adaptations of the prewar period. One typical case was Sato Koroku's "Midori no Tenshi", which was adapted from Oliver Twist by Dickens. The original female characters were transformed to the active girls who had a sense of justice and true courage as boys usually expected to have. But then, in the final analysis, active girls ended up marrying.(3) Kato Takeo's adaptation of Little Lord Fauntleroy by Burnett shows that one type of ideal "married woman" is "wise daughter-in-law".(4) Libraries of translated/adapted works for girls had, thus, the clear intention to educate the readers to be suitable persons in those days. It will be necessary to examine those kin of libraries not only for girls but also for common young readers in order to clarify what was expected to acquire.