The research on the history of refining technology of gold and silver in Japan based on experimental verification of "cupellation"

基于“杯形”实验验证的日本金银精炼技术​​史研究

• 批准号: 18300303
• 负责人: MURAKAMI Ryu
• 金额: $ 8.19万
• 依托单位: National Research Institute Cultural Properties, Nara
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2006 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18300303/
• 关键词: cupellation; refining; materials science; instmenal analysis; excavated objects; gold; silver; lead; 銅; 製錬技術; 発掘出土資料

The purpose of this research is to verify experimentally the process of cupellation, in which gold and silver is purified, and to confirm its history in Japan. To reveal the process of metal production chronologically is very important in the history of technology in Japan ; but, it is too difficult for a conventional approach which depends on old documents and records to gain the real image, because there are few documents especially in the ancient time. It is the feature of this research that the research is based on the scientific investigation to the newly excavated objects in the archaeological site concerning to metal productions. The technology purifying gold and silver with lead is, in general, recognized as "cupellation". In the Iwami Ginzan silver mine site, the excavated objects as to cupellation were scientifically investigated. The more-detailed cupellation system was also experimentally verified. It was confirmed that there was a chronological change in the forms and materials of furnaces for cupellation. Up to now, the technology of cupellation has been assumed to have been conveyed to the Iwami Ginzan silver mine in 1533. In this research, it was examined that the technology purifying gold and silver with lead in the latter half of the seventh century in the Asuka-Ike site in Nara Prefecture, which was one of the highest class production sites in ancient Japan, had been able to be done. It is a technology that can say that this is a prototype of so-called cupellation. This fact is important as a big result that rewrites the history of the science and technology in Japan. Moreover, the possibility that a similar technology had been being done from the latter half of the fifteenth century to the first half of the sixteenth century by the group of the Kai gold mines in Yamanashi Prefecture was found. Thus, it is thought that it was possible to contribute to clarifying a technical genealogy of "Cupellation" in our country empirically by this research.

本研究的目的是通过实验来验证灰吹法的工艺过程，其中金和银被提纯，并确认其在日本的历史。在日本技术史中，按年代顺序揭示金属生产过程是一个重要的问题，但由于文献资料特别是古代文献资料的匮乏，传统的方法很难获得真实的形象，只能依靠旧文献和旧记录。本研究的特点是在对该遗址新出土的金属制品进行科学考察的基础上进行研究。用铅提纯金、银的技术一般被称为灰吹法。在岩见银山银矿遗址，对灰吹法的出土物品进行了科学调查。更详细的灰吹系统也进行了实验验证。据证实，灰吹炉的形式和材料有一个时间上的变化。到目前为止，灰吹技术一直被认为是在1533年被转移到岩见银山银矿。在这项研究中，它被检查，在奈良县的飞鸟池遗址，这是在古代日本最高级别的生产基地之一，在世纪后半期的铅净化金和银的技术已经能够做到。这是一种技术，可以说这是所谓的灰吹法的原型。这一事实作为改写日本科学技术史的重大成果而具有重要意义。此外，还发现山梨县的甲斐金矿群在世纪后半期至16世纪世纪前半期也曾进行过类似的技术，从而认为通过本研究，有可能为实证地厘清我国的“灰吹法”技术谱系做出贡献。

项目成果

The materials scientific research on "Cupellation", gold refining technology in Japan in modern times

日本近代黄金提炼技术“Cupellation”的材料科学研究

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Seiji YOKOYAMA;Ryu MURAKAMI and Jun TAKADA;村上 隆;Ryu MURAKAMI
• 通讯作者: Ryu MURAKAMI

近世の金精練技術、「灰吹法」に関する材料科学的検証

现代早期黄金精炼技术的材料科学验证“灰吹法”

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 日本文化財科学会 第24回大会研究発表要旨集
• 作者: 村上 隆、横山精士、高田潤;他
• 通讯作者: 他

古代の金・銀精錬を考える-飛鳥池遺跡の事例を中心に-

关于古代金银冶炼的思考——聚焦飞鸟池遗址案例——

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 奈良文化財研究所紀要2007
• 作者: 村上 隆、横山精士、高田潤;他;村上 隆
• 通讯作者: 村上 隆

The grain size characteristic of tailings excavated in the Iwami Ginzan silver mine

石见银山尾矿尾矿粒度特征

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Proceeding of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 2007 (no-referee)
• 作者: Seiji YOKOYAMA;Ryu MURAKAMI and Jun TAKADA
• 通讯作者: Ryu MURAKAMI and Jun TAKADA

古代の金・銀精錬を考える…飛鳥池遺跡の事例を中心に…

思考远古金银的炼制……聚焦飞鸟池遗迹的案件……

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 奈良文化財研究所紀要 2007
• 作者: 村上 隆、横山精士、高田潤;他;村上 隆;村上 隆
• 通讯作者: 村上 隆