Characterization of regulatory genes involved in glucose transport in chicken skeletal muscles. -Development of new technique for high quality meat production-

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Glucose is an essential fuel source for most animal cells. It is suggested that species-specific regulatory mechanisms of glucose homeostasis in chickens, i.e. high plasma glucose level and insulin resistance, might be regulated by the functional characterization of glucose transporter (GLUT) and hexokinase (HK). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GLUTs and HKs are involved in the regulation of myogenesis in chicken skeletal muscles and whether modification of the gene expression in post-hatched chicks in utilized to build the high efficient animal production.(1) Changes in myotube mRNA expressions for GLUTs and HKs in activation of glucose transport inducted by insulin The expressions of GLUT1 and HKII in chicken cultured myotubes were increased with the increase of insulin concentration in media. This result suggested that GLUT1 and HKII were key regulator of insulin stimulated glucose transport.(2) Changes in myogenic gene expression under the down-regulation of … More GLUT1 and HKII expression The levels of IGF-I, Myostatin and MyoD mRNA were significantly lower in the myoblast to over 70% down-regulate GLUT1 and HKII mRNA expression using siRNA tequnic compared to that of their control counterparts. Then, the factors of glucose transport, particularly GLUT1 and HKII, were involved in the gene expression of myogenesis.(3) Development of high efficient meat production system by activation of glucose transport in post-hatched chicks Pectoralis superficialis weight and its PAX7 mRNA expression in chickens of one-day-old broiler chickens given a single dose of insulin or tolbutamide were significantly higher than those in control chickens at 7 days of age.(4) Changes in gene expression of IGF-I and Myostatin in chicken skeletal muscles fed early post-hatch diet The body weight, skeletal muscle weight, and its IGF-I mRNA expression in chickens fed early post-hatch diet were significantly higher than those in control chickens. In contrast, Myostatin mRNA level was decreased in skeletal muscle of chickens fed early post-hatch diet compared to that of control chickens.These results clearly shows that the activation of glucose transport stimulates the development of skeletal muscles in newly hatched chicks, and enhancement of GLUT1 and HKII gene expression in skeletal muscles of newly hatched chicks effectively manipulates meat production in mature broiler chickens. Less