Development of a novel treatment for inflammatory bowel disease via the regulation of the bacteria recognition system and effective molecules derived from bacteria

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The present study proposed a novel system of host-microbial interactions based on the sensing of bacterial secretions by epithelial membrane molecules such as transporters, leading to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This novel system mainly mediates the interaction between the host and probitoics, including bacilli and lactobacilli. Conversely, this study also showed that human defensin (HD) 5 and 6, which are representative anti-microbial peptides secreted from the intestinal epithelia, possess an anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, HD-5 secretion was induced by isoleucine, which is an amino acid. The present study indicated that these effective molecules, including bacterial secretions, and HDs, and an amino acid (isoleucine), appear to be a novel potential compound for the treatment of intestinal disorders.