The role of innate immunity in inflammatory bowel disease

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The aim of this study was to determine the role of antibacterial peptides in normal and inflamed intestine, and explore a potential therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease through the regulation of innate immunity by recombinant defensins.As results, this study demonstrated that, 1) human defensin 5 (HD-5) mRNA and protein expressed in small intestinal crypts of healthy volunteers and patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, 2) gene profiles of defensins and toll-like receptors in the patients with CD was different from that in healthy volunteers, 3) bactericidal activity of HD-5 derived from the patients with CD was attenuated compared with that of healthy volunteers, 4) whereas the amino acid sequence of proHD-5 extracted from the patients with CD, disulphide bridges of the HD-5 of some CD patients were disappeared, suggesting that the function of HD-5 was regulated by a post-translational modification in inflammatory bowel disease and 5) recombinant HD-5, which was stable for trypsins and proteases, improved the survival rate of mice treated with 4% dextran sodium sulfate-treated.In summary, this study provided an important role of HD-5 in innate immunity of normal and inflamed inteastine, and proposed a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease, targeting the impaired innate immunity.