Cross-Coupling through Selective Cleavage of C-H and C-C Bonds

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The coupling reaction of suitably functionalized aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates with aryl halides, alkenes, and alkynes proceeded effectively in the presence of a palladium or rhodium catalyst. Especially, aromatic carboxylic acids was found to undergo multi-coupling via C-H and C-C bond cleavages to afford structurally interesting pi-conjugated compounds. Furthermore, a number of C-H transformation reactions of aromatic compounds by using copper and nickel catalysts have been developed.