Pregnancy loss in high yielding dairy cows determined by the international standard protocols

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International standard protocols for diagnosis and research to determine causes of infertility in dairy cows were developed with co-investigators in EU and North American countries. A pilot survey using the standard protocols revealed potential difference in time and frequency of embryonic death between countries and/or regions. These results highlighted a few areas on which Japanese dairy industry needs to focus research activities to reduce pregnancy loss caused by embryonic death.