Studies on the role of endogenous digitalis in electrolytes and blood pressure regulation

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Among a variety of endogenous digitalis, bufadienolides originally found in toads and now determined in humans were demonstrated to have their toxin types with biological functions. They increase with sodium-loading. Immortalized cell lines originated from adrenal-cortex and -medulla, and hypothalamic neurons were used to determine the origin and secretory mechanism of those bufadienolides and ouabain, and the active production was found. Collectively with our previous studies, I conclude that sodium metabolism is crucially involved in the pathogenesis of all types of hypertension ; thereby, brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ouabain are essentially implicated as players.