Is resting heart rate a risk factor for the development of future metabolic syndrome?

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We investigated whether resting heart rate by an electrocardiogram (ECG) may be a useful predictor for the development of the metabolic syndrome in a general population. Our prospective study revealed that higher heart rate predispose to obesity, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance syndrome. More importantly, we have demonstrated that higher heart rate >=80bpm at baseline predicted the development of insulin resistance. Our results may suggest that a causative role of sympathetic activation in the development of obesity and diabetes. This is the first prospective reports demonstrating that higher heart rate at baseline is strongly associated with insulin resistance 20 years later.