Identification of novel autoantibodies against cerebral cell surface membrane proteins as biological markers of multiple sclerosis

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We identified the autoantibody against Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM 1) and mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 (mtHSP70) in serum from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by immunoproteomic approach. We tested more samples by one-dimensional immunoblotting of human recombinant PGAM1 and mtHSP70. The prevalence of the anti-PGAM 1 antibody is significantly higher in serum from MS patients (81%) than in serum from other neurological diseases (ONDs) and healthy controls (HCs) (24～32%) (p<0.05). The prevalence of the anti-mtHSP70 antibody is also significantly higher in serum from MS patients (68%) than in serum from ONDs and HCs (20～30%) (p<0.05). We studied the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging findings of MS patients with these antibodies. As a result, there were no significant differences between these antibodies-positive and -negative MS patients. Additionally, in our comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of both the anti-PGAM1 antibody and the anti-mtHSP70 antibody, the positivity rates of both these antibodies were significantly higher in serum from MS patients (57%) than in serum from patients with ONDs and HCs (0～16%) (p<0.05) ; moreover, the specificity of this combination assay was higher than that of the assay of only one antibody (57% sensitivity ; 93% specificity). Results of our study suggest that the combination of both these antibodies is useful for a more specific diagnosis of MS.