The effects of soy food and fish oil on lipid metabolism in livers and adipose tissues of rats

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We investigated how the simultaneous intake of soy protein and fish oil modulates lipid metabolism in rats. Compared with casein and palm oil, soy protein and fish oil significantly decreased serum lipid concentrations, respectively. Soy protein significantly reduced the activities and mRNA expressions of hepatic fatty acid synthetic enzymes compared with casein in palm oil diets, whereas fish oil strongly decreased the values regardless of protein sources. The supplementation of diets with fish oil significantly stimulated hepatic fatty acid oxidation at the level of enzymatic activity and mRNA expression, whereas soy protein significantly increased the activities of these enzymes, but not their mRNA expression. Freeze-dried tofu also showed hypolipidemic effect similar to soy protein. Therefore, simultaneous ingestion of soy protein (freeze-dried tofu) and fish oil generally had the greatest hypolipidemic effect among the dietary groups, although these actions were not synergistic.