Study of the idea of "the dead" from a viewpoint of Japanese history of ethical thoughts

为了从日本伦理思想史的角度来考察“死者”的意义，本文讨论了以下问题：在古代，古事记神话对死者灵魂的描写非常谨慎，而第一部佛教故事集《日本灵纪》甚至违背佛教教义也敢于介绍死者灵魂;在中世纪，《源氏物语》讲述了一个活着的女人六条宫所的灵魂，因为太爱玄司光，离开了她的身体，随着它的延伸变成了死者的灵魂。能乐故事有很多变化，但它们最终落在以下两类之间：例如，一种是死者的灵魂希望成佛，另一种是灵魂不希望成佛。江户时代，国学领袖平田笃胤将死者灵魂的观念引入了神道，这是他反佛教运动的一部分，近代新国学（反佛教的柳田国雄和亲佛教的织口忍）继承了这一思想。

In order to consider the meaning of "the dead" from a viewpoint of Japanese history of ethical thoughts, I discuss the following issues.In the Ancient times, Kojiki myth was very careful not to describe the soul of the dead, while Nihon-Ryoiki, the first anthology of Buddhism tales dared to introduce the soul of the dead even against Buddhism doctrine.In the Middle times, The Tale of the Genji showed that the soul of a living woman Rokujo-Miyasudokoro, who loved Hikaru-Genji too much, left her body, and as its extension turned into the soul of the dead. And Noh stories had many variations but they eventually fall on(between) the following two categories ; i. e., one in which the soul of the dead hopes Buddhahood as salvation, and the other in which the soul does not hope that way.In Edo period, one of the Kokugaku leader HIRATA Atsutane brought the idea of the soul of the dead into Shintoism, which was a part of his anti-Buddhism movement and which was deeply succeeded by New Kokugaku(YANAGITA Kunio with anti-Buddhism and ORIKUCHI Shinobu with pro-Buddhism) in the Modern times.