Immediate feedback and the use of Personal Response Systems for EFL instruction

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The questions posed at the start of this research were investigated and answered, with limitations noted in the report's final section. The devices were a useful addition to instruction of grammar and vocabulary in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. Appropriate question types were identified, student perceptions about the devices showed a largely positive response towards their further use in an EFL setting. A research construct was developed, piloted, and utilized in three national contexts (Japan, Malaysia, and Cambodia). Peer-evaluation was a highly promising application for this technology. Results were published internationally in twelve forums/venues detailed below. Notable limitations are that the devices were not always stable, although significant improvements have been made in hardware and software. This project is already generating further research dividends.