Immediate feedback and the use of Personal Response Systems for EFL instruction

在本研究开始时提出的问题进行了调查和回答，并在报告的最后一节指出了局限性。这些设备是英语作为外语（EFL）课程中语法和词汇教学的有用补充。在确定了适当的问题类型后，学生对这些设备的看法对它们在英语环境中的进一步使用显示出很大的积极反应。在三个国家（日本、马来西亚和柬埔寨）开发、试点和使用了一个研究结构。同行评价是该技术的一个非常有前途的应用。结果在12个国际论坛/场所公布，详情如下。值得注意的是，尽管在硬件和软件方面都有了重大改进，但这些设备并不总是稳定的。这个项目已经产生了进一步的研究红利。

The questions posed at the start of this research were investigated and answered, with limitations noted in the report's final section. The devices were a useful addition to instruction of grammar and vocabulary in English as a foreign language (EFL) classes. Appropriate question types were identified, student perceptions about the devices showed a largely positive response towards their further use in an EFL setting. A research construct was developed, piloted, and utilized in three national contexts (Japan, Malaysia, and Cambodia). Peer-evaluation was a highly promising application for this technology. Results were published internationally in twelve forums/venues detailed below. Notable limitations are that the devices were not always stable, although significant improvements have been made in hardware and software. This project is already generating further research dividends.