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Gigantic Pockels effect in water within the electric double layer

水中双电层内的巨大泡克尔斯效应

基本信息

批准号：
21540326
负责人：
TOKUNAGA Eiji
金额：
$ 3.08万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Science
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2009 至 2011
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Pockels coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solution within the electric double layer(EDL) were determined for various electrode materials at the interface as r13=(0.40-0.53)×100 pm/V for TiO2 and r13=0.18×100 pm/V for GaN(0.1M NaCl solution). These values are smaller than that for ITO, r13=(2.0±0.3)×100 pm/V. The Pockels effect on the ITO electrode for polar organic solvents other than water is also studied to find that methanol and ethanol have large Pockels coefficients comparable to water(0.1M LiCl solution). Methanol has the largest coefficient, followed in order by water, ethanol, and DMSO. To be summarized in the magnitude of the Pockels effect, oxide is superior to nitride about the electrode dependence, and protonic solvent is superior to aprotonic solvent(DMSO) about the solvent dependence. These results suggest that broken inversion symmetry due to interaction of solvent molecules with the electrode surface through the hydrogen bonds is responsible for the Pockels effect.Further, deflection of a laser beam in response to an electric field was detected with a Sagnac interferometer. A laser beam was aligned to travel between two electrodes immersed in aqueous electrolyte solution. When the alternating electric field was applied perpendicular to the beam axis, the direction of the beam deflection was switched synchronously with the field alternation as expected for the Pockels effect. Broken inversion symmetry is prerequisite to the linear electrooptic effect, but surprisingly the effect was observed even when the laser beam travels through the bulk water a few millimeters away from the electrode surface. The Pockels coefficient in the bulk water is one order of magnitude smaller than that in water within the EDL, but it is still comparable to that for LiNbO3.

测定了不同电极材料在界面处双电层(EDL)中电解质水溶液的Pockels系数，其中TiO2R13=(0.40-0.53)×100 pm/V，GaN(0.1MNaC l溶液)R13=0.18×100 Pm/V。这些数值都小于ITO的Pockels系数，R13=(2.0±0.3)×100 pm/V。此外，还研究了水以外的极性有机溶剂对ITO电极的Pockels效应，发现甲醇和乙醇具有与水(0.1M LiCl溶液)相当的大的Pockels系数。甲醇的系数最大，其次是水、乙醇和二甲基亚砜。从普克尔斯效应的大小来看，氧化物对电极的依赖性优于氮化物，质子溶剂对溶剂的依赖性优于非质子溶剂。这些结果表明，由于溶剂分子通过氢键与电极表面相互作用而破坏的反转对称性是产生Pockels效应的原因。此外，利用Sagnac干涉仪检测了激光光束对电场的响应偏转。激光束在浸泡在电解液中的两个电极之间对准传播。当垂直于光束轴线施加交变电场时，光束偏转的方向与期望的波克尔斯效应中的电场交变同步切换。破坏反转对称性是线性电光效应的先决条件，但令人惊讶的是，即使当激光束穿过距离电极表面几毫米远的大块水时，也能观察到这种效应。体积水中的Pockels系数比EDL内水中的Pockels系数小一个数量级，但仍可与LiNbO_3相当。