Molecular mechanisms of co-evolution of mitochondrial genetic codes and tRNA in the evolution of animals

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In animal mitochondria, distribution of the non-universal codons(relationship between codon and amino acid) has been clarified in all animal phyla. However, relationship between codon and anticodon has not clarified except for Vertebrata and Nematoda. In order to elucidate a whole image for the decoding mechanism of genetic code, we isolated the relevant tRNAs from a tunicate(ascidian) and a mollusc(squid) and analysed them by using LC/MS. By doing so, we clarified the relationship. We found 5-taurinomethyluridine(. m5U) in the first position of ascidian tRNATrp, tRNAMet and tRNAGly, and squid tRNATrp and concluded that. m5U-bearing anticodons decode A-and G-ending codons.