The Transformation of the Spirit Cults/Animism in Modern Asia-Impacts on Gender, Community and Ethnicity

本研究以深刻影响东亚和东南亚人民世界观的“基础文化”，特别是土著（万物有灵论）信仰为中心，对国教、民族或民族主义与这些信仰的关系进行了实证研究。因此，在这个现代时代人们的“土著信仰”实践、宗教与国教融合的现实以及“万物有灵信仰”的现代转型方面获得了新的发现。除此之外，还获得了关于宗教少数群体（在这种情况下是中国穆斯林）的宗教实践及其与中央政府关系的罕见且非常有趣的研究数据。

Focused on the "fundamental culture", which has deeply affected the world view of the people of East and Southeast Asia, especially, on the indigenous(animist) beliefs, we have carried out empirical research on relationship between the state religion, ethnicity, or nationalism and these beliefs. As a result, the new findings were obtained on the practice of "indigenous beliefs" of the people live in this modern era, the reality of religious syncretism with the state religion, and on the modern transformation of"animist beliefs". Adding to this, the rare and also really interesting research data were also obtained on the practice of religion of the religious minority(Chinese Muslim, in this case) and their relationship with the central authority.