Clarification of mechanisms how H. pylori virulence factor OipA produces cytokines

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In this study, we tried to clarify the mechanisms how H. pylori virulence factor OipA induce cytokines from gastric epithelial cells. First, we successfully constructed oipA mutants with either of 3 regions which I hypothesized to relate to cytokine expression mutated (including complementation mutants). However all of 3 regions were not strongly involved in cytokine induction from gastric epithelial cells. In experiments using oipA mutants without the function of OipA, we found that OipA is involved in the activation of Paxillin and FoxO related cytokine-induction signaling. In animal models, oipA mutants did not infect mice, suggesting that OipA is involved in the establishment of infection to gastric mucosa.